Sonchus oleraceus

Sonchus oleraceus

Synonymy

Source: Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Sonchus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl.: 794. 1753
    • =Sonchus ciliatus Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 87. 1779
    • =Sonchus lacerus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1513. 1803
    • =Sonchus royleanus DC., Prodr. 7: 184. 1838
    • =Sonchus ciliatus var. subbipinnatifidus Guss., Enum. Pl. Inarim.: 196. 1855
    • ≡Sonchus subbipinnatifidus (Guss.) Zenari in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ser. 2, 31: 9. 1924

    Content

    Distribution

    AE(G T) Ab(A N) Ag Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(B L) Bl(I M N) Br Bu By Ca(dC dF dG dH dL dP dT) Cg Cm Co Cr Cs Ct Cy Da Eg Es Fe Ga(C F M) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(A G S) Hu Ir It Jo La Le Li Lt Lu Ma Md(dD dM dP) Mk Mo No Po Rf(C CS E K N NW S) Rm Sa dSg Si(M S) Sk Sl Sn Sr Su Sy Tn Tu(A E) Uk [pAz(C F G J L M P S T) aIs] 

    Euro+Med not endemic: Albania nativeA,B,C,D,E; Algeria nativeF,G,H; Armenia nativeI,J; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeC (Austria nativeK,L, Liechtenstein nativeM); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) nativeI,N,O, Nakhchivan nativeI); Azores (Corvo introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Faial introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Flores introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Graciosa introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Pico introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Santa Maria introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, São Jorge introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, São Miguel introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R, Terceira introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP,Q,R); Baleares nativeC,S,T (Ibiza nativeU,V,W, Mallorca nativeU,V,W,X, Menorca nativeU,V,W,Y); Belarus nativeO,Z; Belgium, with Luxembourg nativeC,AA (Belgium nativeAB, Luxembourg nativeAB,AC); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativeAD; Bulgaria nativeC,AD,AE,AF,AG; Canary islands nativeF (Fuerteventura native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH, Gomera native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH, Gran Canaria native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH, Hierro native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH,AI, La Palma native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH, Lanzarote native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH, Tenerife native: doubtfully nativeQ,AH); Corsica nativeC,AJ,AK,AL,AM,AN,AO; Crete, with Karpathos nativeC,AD,AP,AQ,AR; Crimea nativeC,O,Z,AS,AT,AU; Croatia nativeAD,AV,AW; Cyprus nativeAX,AY,AZ,BA,BB,BC,BD; Czech Republic nativeBE,BF,BG,BH,BI,BJ; Denmark nativeC,BK,BL; East Aegean islands (Greek East Aegean islands nativeAP,BM,BN, Turkish East Aegean islands nativeBO); Egypt nativeF,BP,BQ; Estonia nativeBR,BS; Finland nativeC,BT; Former Yugoslavia nativeC; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (Channel islands nativeBU, France nativeC,U,AJ,BV,BW,BX,BY, Monaco nativeBZ); Georgia nativeI,O,CA,CB,CC; Germany nativeC,CD,CE,CF; Great Britain nativeC,CG; Greece nativeC,AD,AP,AR,BP,CH; Hungary nativeC,CI,CJ; Iceland casualCK; Ireland, with N Ireland nativeC,CG (Ireland nativeCL,CM, Northern Ireland nativeCL); Israel/Palestine nativeCN,CO,CP,CQ; Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeC,CR,CS,CT,CU,CV,CW,CX,CY; Jordan nativeCP,CQ,CZ,DA; Latvia nativeBS,DB; Lebanon nativeCP,DC,DD; Libya nativeF,DE,DF,DG; Lithuania nativeBS; Madeira archipelago nativeF (Desertas native: doubtfully nativeDH, Madeira island native: doubtfully nativeQ,DH, Porto Santo native: doubtfully nativeQ,DH); Moldova nativeO,Z,DI; Montenegro nativeAD; Morocco nativeF,DJ,DK,DL; Netherlands nativeC,DM,DN,DO; North Macedonia nativeAD,DP,DQ; Norway nativeC,BL; Poland nativeC; Portugal nativeC,T,DR,DS,DT; Romania nativeC,AD,DU,DV; Russia (C European Russia nativeO,Z, E European Russia nativeO,Z, Kaliningrad region nativeDW, N European Russia nativeO,Z,DX, NW European Russia nativeO,Z, North Caucasus nativeI,O,DY,DZ, S European Russia nativeO,Z); Salvage islands native: doubtfully nativeQ,DH; Sardinia nativeC,CR,CW,EA,EB; Serbia, with Kosovo nativeAD,EC; Sicily, with Malta nativeC (Malta nativeED,EE,EF, Sicily nativeCR,CU,CW,EB,EG); Sinai nativeBQ,CP,EH,EI; Slovakia nativeBF,BG,EJ; Slovenia nativeEK,EL,EM; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeC,EN (Andorra nativeT,EO,EP,EQ, Gibraltar nativeER, Spain nativeS,T,U,ES,ET,EU,EV); Sweden nativeC,BL,EW,EX; Switzerland nativeC,EY,EZ,FA; Syria nativeCQ,DC; Tunisia nativeF,FB,FC; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeBM,FD, Turkey-in-Europe nativeC,BM,FE); Ukraine nativeO,Z,AS,FF; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeDI

    Common Names

    Albanian (Albania): Rrëshyell perimeFG; Arabic (Lebanon): بَقْلَة يَهودِيَّةFH, تِفاف بَقْليFH, لِبَّيْـنFH; Arabic (Syria): بَقْلَة يَهودِيَّةFI, تِفاف بَقْليFI, لِبَّيْـنFI; Aragonese (Spain): cerrajasFJ, latazínFJ, lechacinesFJ, lechacinosFJ, lechazinoFJ, lechazínFJ, letachínFJ, letazinoFJ, letazínFJ, llatarinsFJ, llatasínFJ, llatazínFJ, llataímFJ, llatezínFJ, lletasinsFJ, lleteraFJ, lletezínFJ, zerrajaFJ; Armenian (Armenia): Կաթնբեկ բանջարանոցայինFK; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): cardeñaFJ, cardosFJ, cardos lecherosFJ, carduFJ, cenrayaFJ, tarrielluFJ, xarrayaFJ; Basque (Spain): astaurrazaFJ, astelunazaFL, gardugueraFJ, kardaberaFJ; Bulgarian (Bulgaria): Градински кострецFM; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): alextóFJ, llacsóFL, llacsónsFJ, llatisóFL, llaxóFL, llecsóFJ, llepsonsFJ, llepsóFJ, lletissóFJ, lletsóFJ, lletsó d´aseFJ, lletsó oleraciFJ, lletsó/lletsonsFJ, llicsóFJ,FL, llitsóFJ,FL, pixallitsFJ; Corsican (Corse): Cardu mansuFN, CicerbitaFN, LattaghjonuFN, LattaroneFN; Danish (Denmark): Almindelig SvinemælkFO; English (Great Britain): Smooth Sow-thistleFP; Estonian (Estonia): Harilik piimohakasFQ; Finnish (Finland): KaalivalvattiFO, kaalivalvattiFR; French (Belgium): Laiteron maraîcherFS; French (Corse): Laiteron maraîcherFN; French (France): Laiteron lisseFT, Laiteron maraîcherFT, Laiteron potagerFT; French (Switzerland): Laiteron maraîcherFU; Galician (Spain): cardo molarFJ,FL, cerraxaFJ, ferroioFJ, leitarugaFJ, leitarugasFJ, sainchoFL, serralhaFJ, serralha-brancaFJ, serralha-maciaFJ, serrallaFJ; German (Germany): Kohl-GänsedistelFV; German (Switzerland): Gemeine GänsedistelFW; Hebrew (Israel): מְרוֹר הַגִּנּוֹתFX, מרור הגינותFX; High Aragonese (Spain): cerrajasFJ, lechazinesFJ, lechazinoFJ, llataimFJ, llatazínFJ; Italian (Italy): CicerbitaFY, CrespignoFY, Grespino comuneFY, LattaroloFY; Italian (Switzerland): Grespino comuneFZ; Latvian (Latvia): Dārza mīkstpieneFQ; Majorcan (Mallorca): llacsonsFL, llasóFL, llatsonsFL, llensóFJ, lletsonsFL, lletsóFJ; Norwegian (Norway): HaredylleFO; Polish (Poland): Mlecz warzywnyGA, Mlecz zwyczajnyGA; Portuguese (Portugal): cardo molarFJ, cerralhaFL, leitarugaFJ, leiterâoFL, sarralhaFL, serralhaFJ,FL, serralha brancaFJ,FL, serralha maciaFJ,FL, serralha-brancaFJ, serralha-bravaFJ, serralha-maciaFJ; Romanian (Moldova): Сусай де-грэдинэGB; Russian (Armenia): Осот огородныйFK; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): achicoriasFJ, azapuercosFJ, borrajasFJ, camarojaFL, camorrojaFJ, cardencaFJ, cardeñaFJ, cardo lecheroFJ, cardo meleñoFJ, cardos lechinesFJ, cardunchaFJ, carrajónFJ, cerrajaFJ,FL, cerraja bastaFJ, cerraja bordeFJ, cerraja castellanaFJ, cerraja comúnFJ, cerraja del sueloFL, cerraja suaveFL, cerrajasFJ,FL, cerrajónFJ,FL, cerrajón bastoFJ, cerrajón de ensaláFJ, cerrajón imperialFJ, cerrajón paveroFJ, chicoriaFJ, chicorias dulcesFJ, cicerbitaFL, diente de leónFJ, forrajasFJ, forrajilloFL, lechacinoFJ, lechecillaFJ, lechecilloFJ,FL, lechecinoFJ, lechecinosFL, lecheraFJ, lecherasFJ, lecherosFJ, lechiternaFJ, lechocinoFJ, lechoncinoFJ, lechuga de corderosFL, lechuguillaFJ,FL, pendejoFJ, semayaFL, serradaFJ, serrajasFJ, sonco lisoFL, ternilloFJ; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): kålmolkeFR; Swedish (Sweden): KålmjölktistelFO, KålmolkeGC, MjölktistelFO; Valencian (Spain): llaxonsFJ, lletsóFJ, lletsó fíFJ, llicsóFJ, llixó-fiFL, llixónsFJ

    Bibliography

    A. Barina, Z. 2017: Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. – Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum
    B. Demiri, M. 1983: Flora ekskursioniste e shqipërisë. – Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor
    C. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    D. Vangjeli, J. 1999: Flora e Shqipërisë 4. – Tiranë
    E. Vangjeli, J. 2003: Udhëheqës fushor i florës së Shqipërisë. – Tiranë
    F. Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2011: Index synonymique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord 2. Dicotyledoneae: Acanthaceae - Asteraceae. – Genève
    G. Mediouni, K.: Elaboration d’un bilan et d’une stratégie nationale de développement durable de la diversité biologique. Tome V: Liste des taxons recensés en Algérie: flore continentale. – [Alger] (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    H. Quézel, P. A. & Santa, S. 1963: Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales 2. – Paris (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    I. Grossgejm, A. A. 1934: Flora kavkaza 4. – Baku
    J. Tahtadžjan, A. L. 1995: Flora Armenii 9. – Havlíčkův Brod
    K. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien
    L. Polatschek, A. 1999: Flora von Nordtirol, Osttirol und Vorarlberg 2. – Innsbruck
    M. Seitter, H. 1977: Die Flora des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. – Vaduz
    N. Karjagin, I. I. 1961: Flora Azerbajdžana 8. – Baku: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Azerbajdžanskoj SSR
    O. Komarov, V. L. 1964: Flora SSSR 29 [Bobrov, E. G. & Cvelev, N. N.]. – Leningrad
    P. Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. & Vieira, V. 2005: Listagem da fauna e flora (Mollusca e Arthropoda) (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta) terrestres dos Açores. – Horta, Angra do Heroismo & Ponta Delgada
    Q. Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. 1993: Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4th revised edition. – Sommerfeltia 17
    R. Schäfer, H. 2002: Flora of the Azores. A field guide. – Weikersheim
    S. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona
    T. Castroviejo, S. 2017: Flora Iberica 16(2). – Madrid
    U. Bolòs, O. de & Vigo Bonada, J. 1995: Flora dels països catalans 3. – Barcelona
    V. Duvigneaud, J. 1979: Catalogue provisoire de la flore des Baléares [ed. 2]. – Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Médit. 17, Suppl: 1-43 (as Sonchus oleraceus var. oleraceus)
    W. Knoche, H. 1922: Flora balearica 2. – s.l.
    X. Duvigneaud, J. 1979: Catalogue provisoire de la flore des Baléares [ed. 2]. – Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Médit. 17, Suppl: 1-43 (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    Y. Fraga, P., Mascaró, C., Carreras, D., García, Ó., Pallicer, X., Pons, M., Seoane, M. & Truyol, M. 2004: Catàleg de la flora vascular de Menorca. – Maó: Institut Menorqui d’Estudis
    Z. Fedorov, A. A. 1989: Flora evropejskoj časti SSSR 8 [Cvelev, N. N.]. – Leningrad
    AA. Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. 2004: Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5. – Meise
    AB. van Rompaey, E. 1972: Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora – Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten. – Meise
    AC. Colling, G. 2005: Red List of the Vascular Plants of Luxembourg. – Ferrantia 42
    AD. Hayek, A. von 1928–1931: Prodromus florae peninsulae balcanicae, 2. – Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte 30(2)
    AE. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo
    AF. As’ov, B., Petrova, A., Dimitrov, D. & Vasilev, R. 2002: Konspekt na visšata flora na Bălgarija, ed. 2. – Sofija
    AG. Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1967: Flora na Bălgarija, 4 [Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B.], 2. – Sofija
    AH. Acebes Ginovés, J. R. & al. 2010: Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta, pp. 119-172. – In: Arechavaleta, M., Rodríguez, S., Zurita, N. & García, A., Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2009. – Santa Cruz de Tenerife
    AI. Stierstorfer, C. & Gaisberg, M. von 2006: Annotated checklist and distribution of the vascular plants of El Hierro, Canary Islands, Spain. – Englera 27: 1-221
    AJ. Anonymous [Association Tela Botanica]: Tela Botanica. Flore électronique. Flores en ligne, France métropolitaine – http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore
    AK. Bouchard, J. 1978: Flore pratique de la Corse, ed. 3. – Bastia
    AL. Burdet, H. M. 1993: Compléments au prodrome de la flore corse. Annexe 3 [Gamisans, J. & Jeanmonod, D.]. – Genève
    AM. Gamisans, J. 1985: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Corse. – Ajaccio
    AN. Gamisans, J. 2007: Flora corsica. – Aix-en-Provence
    AO. Jeanmonod, D. & Gamisans, J. 2013: Flora corsica, ed. 2. – Saujon: Société Botanique du Centre-Ouest
    AP. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31
    AQ. Jahn, R. & Schönfelder, P. 1995: Exkursionsflora für Kreta. – Stuttgart
    AR. Rechinger, K. H. 1944: Flora aegaea. Flora der Inseln und Halbinseln des Ägäischen Meeres. – Denkschriften, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 105(1) (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    AS. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka
    AT. Rubcov, N. I. 1972: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Kryma. – Leningrad
    AU. Vul’f, E. V. 1969: Flora Kryma 3(3) [Rubcov, N. I. & Privalova, L. A.]. – Moskva & Jalta (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    AV. Nikolić, T. 2000: Flora Croatica. Index florae Croaticae, 3. – Natura Croatica 9, Suppl. 1
    AW. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 2. – Zagreb
    AX. Alziar, G. 2000: Compte rendu du 4ème Iter Mediterraneum. – Bocconea 11: 5-83
    AY. Chrtek, J. & Slavík, B. 1993: Contribution to the flora of Cyprus 2. – Flora Mediterranea 3: 239-259
    AZ. Della, A. 1999: The Cyprus flora in checklist format. – Roma
    BA. Heller, D. & Heyn, C. C. 1993: Conspectus florae orientalis 8. – Jerusalem
    BB. Meikle, R. D. 1985: Flora of Cyprus 2. – Kew
    BC. Osorio-Tafall, B. H. & Serafim, G. M. 1973: List of the vascular plants of Cyprus. – Nicosia
    BD. Viney, D. E. 1994: An illustrated flora of North Cyprus 1. – Vaduz
    BE. Danihelka, J., Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. 2012: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. – Preslia 84: 647-811
    BF. Dostál, J. 1989: Nová kvetena CSSR 2. – Praha
    BG. Dostál, J. 1992: Vel’ký kl’úc na určovanie vyšších rastlín 2. – Bratislava
    BH. Kubát, K. 2002: Klíč ke květeně České republiky. – Praha
    BI. Pyšek, P., Sádlo, J. & Mandák, B. 2002: Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic. – Preslia. Věstník (Časopis) československé botanické společnosti 74: 97-186
    BJ. Slavík, B. & Štěpánková, J. 2004: Květena České Republiky 7. – Praha
    BK. Hansen, K. 1993: Dansk feltflora. – København
    BL. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo
    BM. Davis, P. H. 1975: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5. – Edinburgh
    BN. Rechinger, K. H. 1944: Flora aegaea. Flora der Inseln und Halbinseln des Ägäischen Meeres. – Denkschriften, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 105(1)
    BO. Seçmen, Ö. & Leblebici, E. 1978: Gökçeada ve Bozcaada adalarının vejetasyon ve florası. II. Florası. – Bitki; Turkish journal of plant science 5: 271-368
    BP. Boissier, P. E. 1875: Flora orientalis 3. – Genève, Basel & Lyon
    BQ. Boulos, L. 2002: Flora of Egypt 3. – Cairo
    BR. Eichwald, K. & al. 1978: Eesti NSV floora 6. – Tallinn
    BS. Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Jankjavičene, R. 2003: Flora baltijskih republik. Svodka sosudistyh rastenij 3. – Tartu
    BT. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki
    BU. Perring, F. H. & Walters, S. M. 1982: Atlas of the British flora, ed. 3. – Peterborough
    BV. Coste, H. 1902–1903: Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France 2. – Paris
    BW. Fournier, P. 1934–1940: Les quatre flores de la France, Corse comprise. – Paris
    BX. Guinochet, M. & Vilmorin, R. de 1982: Flore de France 4. – Paris
    BY. Tison, J.-M. & de Foucault, B. 2014: Flora Gallica. – Mèze: Biotope
    BZ. Médail, F., Diadema, K. & Salanon, R. 2007: Inventaire de la flore terrestre spontanée de la Principauté de Monaco. – Journal de Botanique de la Société de botanique de France 39: 37-55
    CA. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany
    CB. Kec'xoveli, N. (ed. Gagnidze, R.) 2003: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 14. – Tbilisi
    CC. Kec'xoveli, N. 1952: Flora Gruzii 8. – Tbilisi
    CD. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 8. – Jena, Stuttgart
    CE. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 3. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband, ed. 10. – Heidelberg, Berlin
    CF. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart
    CG. Sell, P. & Murrell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge
    CH. Halácsy, E. von 1902: Conspectus florae graecae 2. – Lepizig (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    CI. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót
    CJ. Simon, T. 1992: A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Harasztok - virágos növények. – Budapest
    CK. Wasowicz, P., Przedpelska-Wasowicz, E. M. & Kristinsson, H. 2013: Alien vascular plants in Iceland: Diversity, spatial patterns, temporal trends, and the impact of climate change. – Flora 208: 648-673
    CL. Scannell, M. J. P. & Synnott, D. M. 1987: Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland, ed. 2. – Dublin
    CM. Webb, D. A., Parnell, J. & Doogue, D. 1996: An Irish Flora. – Dundalk
    CN. Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Jamous, R. M. & Abuzaitoun, S. Y. 2022: Analysis of floristic composition and species diversity of vascular plants native to the State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). – Biodivers. Data J. 10(e80427): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80427
    CO. Kasapligil, B. 1956: Plants of Jordan with notes on their ecology and economic uses. – Amman
    CP. Post, G. E. 1933: Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai, 2 [Dinsmore, J. E.], 2. – Beirut
    CQ. Zohary, M. & Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3 (Text) [Feinbrun-Dothan, N.]. – Jerusalem
    CR. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi
    CS. Coste, H. 1902–1903: Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France 2. – Paris (as Sonchus lacerus Willd.)
    CT. Fiori, A. 1925–1929: Nuova flora analitica d’Italia 2. – Firenze (as Sonchus oleraceus var. ciliatus)
    CU. Fiori, A. 1925–1929: Nuova flora analitica d’Italia 2. – Firenze (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    CV. Fiori, A. 1925–1929: Nuova flora analitica d’Italia 2. – Firenze (as Sonchus oleraceus var. subbipinnatifidus)
    CW. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 3. – Bologna
    CX. Wilhalm, T., Niklfeld, H. & Gutermann, W. 2006: Katalog der Gefäßpflanzen Südtirols. – Veröffentlichungen Naturmuseum Südtirol 3
    CY. Zangheri, P. 1976: Flora italica 1 (Testo). – Padova (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    CZ. Al-Eisawi, D. M. 1982: List of Jordan vascular plants. – Mitteilungen (aus) der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 18: 79-182
    DA. Taifour, H. & El-Oqlah, A. A. 2017: The plants of Jordan. An annotated checklist. – Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens
    DB. Tabaka, L., Gabrilova, G. & Fatare, I. 1988: Flora sosudistyh rastenij Latvijskoj SSR. – Riga
    DC. Mouterde, P. 1978–1984: Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie 3, Texte. – Beirut
    DD. Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. 2007: Illustrated flora of Lebanon. – Beirut
    DE. Ali, S. I. & Jafri, S. M. H. 1983: Flora of Libya 107 [Alavi, S. A.]. – Tripoli
    DF. Boulos, L. 1979: A check-list of the Libyan flora 3. Compositae (by C. Jeffrey). – Candollea 34: 307-332
    DG. Pampanini, R. 1931: Prodromo della flora cirenaica. – Forlì (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    DH. Jardim, R. & Menezes de Sequeira, M. 2008: Lista das plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). – In: Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Franquinho Aguiar, A. M., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sérgio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. & Vieira, P., Listagem dos fungos, flora e fauna terrestra dos arquipélagos da Madeira e Selvagens. – Funchal
    DI. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
    DJ. Jahandiez, É. & Maire, R. C. J. E. 1934: Catalogue des plantes du Maroc 3. – Alger (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    DK. Nègre, R. 1962: Petite flore des régions arides du Maroc occidental 2. – Paris
    DL. Valdés, B., Rejdali, M., Achhal El Kadmiri, A., Jury, S. L. & Montserrat-Marti, J. M. 2002: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d’identification 2. – Madrid
    DM. Duistermaat, H., Sparrius, L. B. & Denters, T. 2021: Standaardlijst van de Nederlandse flora 2020. – Gorteria; mededelingenblad ten dienste van de floristiek en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland 43: 109-156
    DN. Meijden, R. van der 1990: Heukels' Flora van Nederland, ed. 21. – Groningen
    DO. Meijden, R. van der 2005: Heukels' flora van Nederland, ed. 23. – Groningen
    DP. Drenkovski, R. 1969: Ein Überblick über die Flora des Vodnogebirges. – Godišen zbornik, prirodno-matematički fakultet na univerzitetot- Skopje. Biologija 21: 163-182
    DQ. Vandas, K. 1909: Reliquiae Formánekianae. – Brno
    DR. Coutinho, A. X. P. 1939: A flora de Portugal, ed. 2. – Lisboa (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    DS. Franco & J. do Amaral 1984: Nova flora de Portugal (continente e Açores) 2. – Lisboa
    DT. Sampaio, G. 1947: Flora portuguesa, ed. 2. – Porto (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    DU. Ciocârlan, V. 1990: Flora ilustrata a României 2. – Bucureşti: Editura Ceres
    DV. Popescu, A. & Sanda, V. 1998: Conspectul florei cormofitelor spontane din România. – Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest., Suppl.
    DW. Dedkov, V. P. (ed.) 1999: Konspekt sosudistyh rastenij Kaliningradskoj Oblasti. – Kaliningrad
    DX. Jurcev, B. A. 1987: Flora arctica URSS 10. – Leningrad
    DY. Galuško, A. I. 1980: Flora severnogo Kavkaza 3. – Rostov-na-Donu
    DZ. Zernov, A. S. 2000: Rastenija severo-zapadnogo Zakavkaz’ja. – Moskva
    EA. Arrigoni, P. V. 2015: Flora dell'isola di Sardegna 5. – Sassari: Carlo Delfino
    EB. Zangheri, P. 1976: Flora italica 1 (Testo). – Padova
    EC. Josifović, M. 1975: Flora SR Srbije 7. – Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosni
    ED. Haslam, S. L., Sell, P. D. & Wolseley, P. A. 1977: A flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida
    EE. Lanfranco, G. G. 1955: Guide to the flora of Malta. – Malta
    EF. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus florae montenegrinae. – Preslia. Věstník (Časopis) československé botanické společnosti 20-21: 1-506
    EG. Giardina, G., Raimondo, F. M. & Spadaro, V. 2007: A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. – Bocconea 20
    EH. Danin, A., Shmida, A. & Liston, A. 1985: Contributions to the flora of Sinai, III. Checklist of the species collected and recorded by the Jerusalem team 1967-1982. – Willdenowia 15: 255-322
    EI. Täckholm, V. 1974: Students’ flora of Egypt, ed. 2. – Beirut
    EJ. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava
    EK. Martinčič, A. & Sušnik, F. 1969: Mala flora Slovenije. – Ljubljana
    EL. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana
    EM. Trpin, D. & Vreš, B. 1995: Register flore Slovenije. Praprotnice in cvetnice. – Ljubljana
    EN. Willkomm, M. & Lange, J. 1865–1870: Prodromus florae hispanicae 2. – Stuttgart (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    EO. Bouchard, J. 1981: Primer herbari de la flora d’Andorra. – Perpignan
    EP. Carrillo, E., Mercadé, A., Ninot, J. M., Carreras, J., Ferré, A. & Font, X. 2008: Check-list i Llista vermella de la flora d’Andorra
    EQ. Montserrat, P. 1951: Aportación al conocimiento de la flora de Andorra. – Zaragoza
    ER. Linares, L. 1993: Checklist of the Gibraltar flora. – Alectoris 8: 30-48
    ES. Aizpuru, I., Aseginolaza, C., Uribe-Echebarría, P. M., Urrutia, P. & Zorrakin, I. 1999: Clave ilustrada de la flora del País Vasco y territorios limitrofes. – Vitoria-Gasteiz
    ET. Cadevall i Diars, J. & Sallent, A. 1923: Flora de Catalunya 3(3-6). – Barcelona
    EU. Valdés, B., Talavera, S. & Fernández-Galiano, E. 1987: Flora vascular de Andalucía occidental 3. – Barcelona
    EV. Villar, L., Sesé, J. A. & Ferrández, J. V. 2001: Atlas de la flora del Pirineo Aragonés 2. – Huesca
    EW. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560
    EX. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm
    EY. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel
    EZ. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin
    FA. Schinz, H. & Keller, R. 1914: Flora der Schweiz, ed. 3, 2. – Zürich (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    FB. Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1981: Flore de la Tunisie 2. – Tunis (as Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus)
    FC. Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1981: Flore de la Tunisie 2. – Tunis (as Sonchus oleraceus var. triangularis)
    FD. Güner, A. 2012: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. – Istanbul
    FE. Webb, D. A. 1966: The flora of European Turkey. – Proceedings of the royal irish academy. Section B, biological, geological and chemical sciences 65/B/1: 1-100
    FF. Vul’f, E. V. 1969: Flora Kryma 3(3) [Rubcov, N. I. & Privalova, L. A.]. – Moskva & Jalta
    FG. Vangjeli, J. (ed.) 2000: Flore de l'Albanie 4 (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FH. Nehmé, M. 2000: Dictionnaire Etymologique de la Flore du Liban (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FI. Nehmé, M. 2008: Etymological Dictionary of Syrian Flora (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FJ. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FK. Takhtajan, A. L. 1995: Flora of Armenia 9 (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FL. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Sonchus ciliatus Lam.)
    FM. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FN. Gamisans, J. 2007: Flora Corsica (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FO. Den virtuella floran – http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FP. Dony, J. G., Jury, S. L. & Perring, F. H. 1986: English Names of Wild Flowers, a list recommended by the Botanical Society of the British Isles, ed. 2 (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FQ. Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Jankjavičene, R. 2003: Flora baltijskich respublik. Flora of the Baltic countries. 3. – Tartu (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FR. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FS. Mauhin, F. 2007: Les noms français des plantes vasculaires de Belgique et des Régions voisines – http://www.lessources-cnb.be (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FT. 2006: Tela Botanica, Le réseau de la botanique francophone – http://www.tela-botanica.org/ (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FU. Aeschimann, D. & Heitz, C. 1996: Index synonymique de la flore de Suisse et territoires limitrophes (ISFS). – Genève (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FV. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2005: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4: Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 10. – München (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FW. Aeschimann, D. & Heitz, C. 1996: Synonymie-Index der Schweizer Flora und der angenzenden Gebiete (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FX. Danin, A.: Flora of Israel Online – http://flora.huji.ac.il (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FY. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 3. – Bologna (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    FZ. Aeschimann, D. & Heitz, C. 1996: Indice sinonimico della Flora della Svizzera e territori limitrofi (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    GA. Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkova, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M. 2002: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist. – Biodiversity Poland 1 (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    GB. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)
    GC. Karlsson, T. & Thomas: Checklista över Nordens kärlväxter – http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/chk/chk3.htm (as Sonchus oleraceus L.)