Scolymus maculatus

Scolymus maculatus

Synonymy

Source: Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Scolymus maculatus L., Sp. Pl.: 813. 1753
    • =Scolymus paniculatus Ucria in Nuova Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 255. 1793

    Distribution

    AE(G) Ag Bl(M N) Bu Ca(dC dF dG ?H dL dP dT) ?Cm Cr ?Ct Cy Eg Ga(F) Gr Hs(G S) Ir It Jo Le Lu Ma Md(dM dP) Sa Si(M S) Sy Tn Tu(A E) [aBe(B) aBr aCs aGe] 

    Euro+Med not endemic: Algeria nativeA,B,C; Baleares nativeD (Mallorca nativeE,F,G,H, Menorca nativeE,F,G,H,I); Belgium, with Luxembourg casualJ (Belgium casualK); Bulgaria nativeD,L,M,N,O; Canary islands nativeA (Fuerteventura native: doubtfully nativeP,Q, Gomera native: doubtfully nativeP,Q, Gran Canaria native: doubtfully nativeP,Q, Hierro native: presence questionable, La Palma native: doubtfully nativeP,Q, Lanzarote native: doubtfully nativeP,Q, Tenerife native: doubtfully nativeP,Q); Crete, with Karpathos nativeD,N,R,S; Crimea native: presence questionableT,U,V; Croatia native: presence questionableN; Cyprus nativeAA,W,X,Y,Z; Czech Republic casualAB; East Aegean islands (Greek East Aegean islands nativeAC,AD,R); Egypt nativeA,AE,AF,AG; Former Yugoslavia introducedD; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (France nativeAH,AI,AJ,AK,AL,D,E); Germany casualAM; Great Britain casualAN; Greece nativeAE,AO,D,N,R,S; Israel/Palestine nativeAP,AQ,AR,AS; Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeAT,AU,AV,AW,D; Jordan nativeAX; Lebanon nativeAE,AR,AY,AZ; Lebanon-Syria nativeAQ; Madeira archipelago nativeA (Madeira island native: doubtfully nativeBA,Q, Porto Santo native: doubtfully nativeBA,Q); Morocco nativeA,BB,BC,BD; Portugal nativeBE,BF,BG,D,G; Sardinia nativeAT,AU,AV,AW,D; Sicily, with Malta nativeD (Malta nativeAU,BH, Sicily nativeAT,AU,AV,AW,BI); Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeD (Gibraltar nativeBJ, Spain nativeBJ,BK,E,F,G); Syria nativeAR,AS,AY; Tunisia nativeA,BL; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeAC,AE,AR,BM, Turkey-in-Europe nativeAC,BN,D)

    Common Names

    Arabic (Lebanon): سْكوليمُس مُبَقَّعBO; Arabic (Syria): سْكوليمُس مُبَقَّعBP; Basque (Spain): kardantxoBQ; Bulgarian (Bulgaria): Петнист сколимусL; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): catalinoiaBQ, dent de caBQ; Finnish (Finland): kaljukultaohdakeBR; French (France): Scolyme tachéBS; Hebrew (Israel): חוֹחַ עָקֹדBT, חוח עקודBT; Italian (Italy): Cardogna macchiataAV; Majorcan (Mallorca): catalinaBQ, catalinoiaBQ, catalinoyaBQ, dent de caBQ; Maltese (Malta): Xewk isfar (tar-riga bajda)BU; Portuguese (Portugal): escolymo malhadoBQ, escólimo malhadoBQ, escólimo-malhadoBQ; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): cardilloBQ, cardillosBQ, cardillos de comerBQ, cardo borriqueroBQ, cardo de ollaBQ, cardo manchadoBQ, cardo perrunoBQ, diente de perroBQ, tagardinaBQ, tagardinasBQ, tagarminaBQ, tagarninaBQ, tagarninasBQ; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): taggfibblaBR; Swedish (Sweden): TaggfibblaBV; Ukrainian (Ukraine): Сколiмус плямистийBW; Valencian (Spain): cardets bordsBQ, catalinoiaBQ

    Bibliography

    A. Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2011: Index synonymique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord 2. Dicotyledoneae: Acanthaceae - Asteraceae. – Genève
    B. Mediouni, K.: Elaboration d’un bilan et d’une stratégie nationale de développement durable de la diversité biologique. Tome V: Liste des taxons recensés en Algérie: flore continentale. – [Alger]
    C. Quézel, P. A. & Santa, S. 1963: Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales 2. – Paris
    D. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    E. Bolòs, O. de & Vigo Bonada, J. 1995: Flora dels països catalans 3. – Barcelona
    F. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona
    G. Castroviejo, S. 2017: Flora Iberica 16(2). – Madrid
    H. Duvigneaud, J. 1979: Catalogue provisoire de la flore des Baléares [ed. 2]. – Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Médit. 17, Suppl: 1-43
    I. Fraga, P., Mascaró, C., Carreras, D., García, Ó., Pallicer, X., Pons, M., Seoane, M. & Truyol, M. 2004: Catàleg de la flora vascular de Menorca. – Maó: Institut Menorqui d’Estudis
    J. Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. 2004: Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5. – Meise
    K. Verloove, F. 2002: Ingeburgerde plantensoorten in Vlaanderen. – Brussels
    L. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo
    M. As’ov, B., Petrova, A., Dimitrov, D. & Vasilev, R. 2002: Konspekt na visšata flora na Bălgarija, ed. 2. – Sofija
    N. Hayek, A. von 1928–1931: Prodromus florae peninsulae balcanicae, 2. – Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte 30(2)
    O. Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1967: Flora na Bălgarija, 4 [Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B.], 2. – Sofija
    P. Acebes Ginovés, J. R. & al. 2010: Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta, pp. 119-172. – In: Arechavaleta, M., Rodríguez, S., Zurita, N. & García, A., Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2009. – Santa Cruz de Tenerife
    Q. Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. 1993: Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4th revised edition. – Sommerfeltia 17
    R. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31
    S. Halácsy, E. von 1902: Conspectus florae graecae 2. – Lepizig
    T. Fedorov, A. A. 1989: Flora evropejskoj časti SSSR 8 [Cvelev, N. N.]. – Leningrad
    U. Komarov, V. L. 1964: Flora SSSR 29 [Bobrov, E. G. & Cvelev, N. N.]. – Leningrad
    V. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
    W. Della, A. 1999: The Cyprus flora in checklist format. – Roma
    X. Heller, D. & Heyn, C. C. 1993: Conspectus florae orientalis 8. – Jerusalem
    Y. Meikle, R. D. 1985: Flora of Cyprus 2. – Kew
    Z. Osorio-Tafall, B. H. & Serafim, G. M. 1973: List of the vascular plants of Cyprus. – Nicosia
    AA. Viney, D. E. 1994: An illustrated flora of North Cyprus 1. – Vaduz
    AB. Danihelka, J., Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. 2012: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. – Preslia 84: 647-811
    AC. Davis, P. H. 1975: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5. – Edinburgh
    AD. Rechinger, K. H. 1944: Flora aegaea. Flora der Inseln und Halbinseln des Ägäischen Meeres. – Denkschriften, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 105(1)
    AE. Boissier, P. E. 1875: Flora orientalis 3. – Genève, Basel & Lyon
    AF. Boulos, L. 2002: Flora of Egypt 3. – Cairo
    AG. Täckholm, V. 1974: Students’ flora of Egypt, ed. 2. – Beirut
    AH. Anonymous [Association Tela Botanica]: Tela Botanica. Flore électronique. Flores en ligne, France métropolitaine – http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore
    AI. Coste, H. 1902–1903: Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France 2. – Paris
    AJ. Fournier, P. 1934–1940: Les quatre flores de la France, Corse comprise. – Paris
    AK. Guinochet, M. & Vilmorin, R. de 1982: Flore de France 4. – Paris
    AL. Tison, J.-M. & de Foucault, B. 2014: Flora Gallica. – Mèze: Biotope
    AM. Buttler, K. P. & Harms, K. H. 1999: Florenliste von Baden-Württemberg, Liste der Farn- und Samenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta). – Naturschutz-Praxis, Artenschutz 1
    AN. Sell, P. & Murrell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge
    AO. Halácsy, E. von 1908: Supplementum conspectus florae graecae. – Leipzig
    AP. Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Jamous, R. M. & Abuzaitoun, S. Y. 2022: Analysis of floristic composition and species diversity of vascular plants native to the State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). – Biodivers. Data J. 10(e80427): 1-24. http://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80427
    AQ. Fragman-Sapir, O., Plitmann, U., Heller, D., Shmida, A. & al. 1999: Checklist and ecological data-base of the flora of Israel and its surroundings including Israel, Jordan, the Palestinian Autonomy, Golan Heights, Mt Hermon and Sinai. – Jerusalem: Dep. of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
    AR. Post, G. E. 1933: Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai, 2 [Dinsmore, J. E.], 2. – Beirut
    AS. Zohary, M. & Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3 (Text) [Feinbrun-Dothan, N.]. – Jerusalem
    AT. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi
    AU. Fiori, A. 1925–1929: Nuova flora analitica d’Italia 2. – Firenze
    AV. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 3. – Bologna
    AW. Zangheri, P. 1976: Flora italica 1 (Testo). – Padova
    AX. Taifour, H. & El-Oqlah, A. A. 2017: The plants of Jordan. An annotated checklist. – Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens
    AY. Mouterde, P. 1978–1984: Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie 3, Texte. – Beirut
    AZ. Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. 2007: Illustrated flora of Lebanon. – Beirut
    BA. Jardim, R. & Menezes de Sequeira, M. 2008: Lista das plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). – In: Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Franquinho Aguiar, A. M., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sérgio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. & Vieira, P., Listagem dos fungos, flora e fauna terrestra dos arquipélagos da Madeira e Selvagens. – Funchal
    BB. Jahandiez, É. & Maire, R. C. J. E. 1934: Catalogue des plantes du Maroc 3. – Alger
    BC. Nègre, R. 1962: Petite flore des régions arides du Maroc occidental 2. – Paris
    BD. Valdés, B., Rejdali, M., Achhal El Kadmiri, A., Jury, S. L. & Montserrat-Marti, J. M. 2002: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d’identification 2. – Madrid
    BE. Coutinho, A. X. P. 1939: A flora de Portugal, ed. 2. – Lisboa
    BF. Franco & J. do Amaral 1984: Nova flora de Portugal (continente e Açores) 2. – Lisboa
    BG. Sampaio, G. 1947: Flora portuguesa, ed. 2. – Porto
    BH. Haslam, S. L., Sell, P. D. & Wolseley, P. A. 1977: A flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida
    BI. Giardina, G., Raimondo, F. M. & Spadaro, V. 2007: A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. – Bocconea 20
    BJ. Willkomm, M. & Lange, J. 1865–1870: Prodromus florae hispanicae 2. – Stuttgart
    BK. Valdés, B., Talavera, S. & Fernández-Galiano, E. 1987: Flora vascular de Andalucía occidental 3. – Barcelona
    BL. Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1981: Flore de la Tunisie 2. – Tunis
    BM. Güner, A. 2012: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. – Istanbul
    BN. Webb, D. A. 1966: The flora of European Turkey. – Proceedings of the royal irish academy. Section B, biological, geological and chemical sciences 65/B/1: 1-100
    BO. Nehmé, M. 2000: Dictionnaire Etymologique de la Flore du Liban
    BP. Nehmé, M. 2008: Etymological Dictionary of Syrian Flora
    BQ. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
    BR. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS
    BS. 2006: Tela Botanica, Le réseau de la botanique francophone – http://www.tela-botanica.org/
    BT. Danin, A.: Flora of Israel Online – http://flora.huji.ac.il
    BU. Haslam, S. M., Sell, P. D. & Wolsely, P. A. 1977: A Flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida
    BV. Karlsson, T. & Thomas: Checklista över Nordens kärlväxter – http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/chk/chk3.htm
    BW. Prokudin, J. N. 1999: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy