Pinus sylvestris

Synonymy

Source: Raab-Straube, E. von (2014+): Gymnospermae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Pinus sylvestris L., Sp. Pl.: 1000. 1753

=Pinus rubra Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Pinus No. 3. 1768

=Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 52. 1838
≡Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn. in Grossgejm & al., Fl. Tiflisa 1: 11. 1925 [non Pinus hamata Roezl]
≡Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai in Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 167: 33. 1939

=Pinus armena K. Koch in Linnaea 22: 297. 1849

=Pinus kochiana K. Koch in Linnaea 22: 296. 1849

=Pinus fominii Kondr. in Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 7(1): 53. 1950

Content

Distribution

Ab(A) Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(L) Br Bu By Cg Cm Cs Ct Es Fe Ga(F) Ge Gg Gr He Hs(A S) Hu It Ko La Lt Lu Mk No Po Rf(C CS E K N NW) Rm Se Sk Sl Su Tu(A) Uk [Be(pB) nDa cFa dHb(nE nN) nHo aIs cMo cSa Tu(E)]

Euro+Med not endemicA: Albania nativeB,C,D,E,F,G; Armenia nativeH,I,J; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeF (Austria nativeK,L,M, Liechtenstein nativeN,O); Azerbaijan nativeP (Azerbaijan (core) nativeH,J,Q); Belarus nativeR; Belgium, with Luxembourg introducedF (Belgium introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationS,T, Luxembourg nativeU); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativeE; Bulgaria nativeB,C,D,E,F,V; Crimea nativeAA,B,C,D,F,W,X,Y,Z; Croatia nativeAB,AC,AD,E; Czech Republic nativeAE; Denmark naturalisedAF,AG,F; Estonia nativeAH,AI; Faroe islands cultivatedAG; Finland nativeAG,AJ,AK,AL,F; Former Yugoslavia nativeD,F; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (France nativeD,F); Georgia nativeAM,AN,AO,AP,AQ,H,J; Germany nativeAR,AS,AT,AU,AV,AW,AX,F; Great Britain nativeAY,AZ,F; Greece nativeA,B,BA,C,D,F; Hungary nativeBB,F; Iceland casualBC; Ireland, with N Ireland introduced: doubtfully introduced (perhaps cultivated only)F (Ireland naturalisedBD,BE, Northern Ireland naturalisedBD,BE); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeBF,D,F; Kosovo nativeBG; Latvia nativeAI; Lithuania nativeAI,BH; Moldova cultivatedBI; Montenegro nativeBJ,E; Netherlands naturalisedBK,BL; North Macedonia nativeBM,E; Norway nativeAG,AL,BN,BO,BP,F; Poland nativeBQ,F; Portugal nativeBR; Romania nativeBS,BT,BU,F; Russia (C European Russia nativeR, E European Russia nativeR, Kaliningrad region nativeBV, N European Russia nativeBW,BX,R, NW European Russia nativeR, North Caucasus nativeBY,H,J,P); Sardinia cultivatedBZ; Serbia nativeBG; Serbia, with Kosovo nativeBG,CA,E; Slovakia nativeCB; Slovenia nativeCC; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeD,F (Andorra nativeBR,CD, Spain nativeBR,CE); Sweden nativeAG,AL,CF,CG,F; Switzerland nativeCH,CI,CJ; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeB,C,CK,D,X, Turkey-in-Europe introducedF); Ukraine nativeR; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeCL,CM,CN

Common Names

Aragonese (Spain): pi rojalCO, pinCO, pinoCO, pino albarCO, pino balsaínCO, pino royalCO, pino royoCO; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): garabuyuCO; Basque (Spain): agiñaCO, beloritaCO, leherrCO, ler gorriCO, ler gorriaCO, lergorriaCO, lerrCO, lerraCO, lerrondoCO, leuCO, liguCO, pinomorcolaCO, pinu gorriCO, pinu gorriaCO, pinuaCO; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): alagaCO, piCO, pi albarCO, pi blancCO, pi blancalCO, pi bordCO, pi brancalCO, pi cerrutCO, pi de la terraCO, pi femellaCO, pi melicàCO, pi melisCO, pi mèlicCO, pi negralCO, pi negreCO, pi negretCO, pi rajoletCO, pi roigCO, pi roig catalàCO, pi rojalCO, pi rojaletCO, pi rosCO, pi urgellencCO, pi vermellCO, pi-betCO, pi-comachaCO, pinCO, pinasaCO, pinassaCO, pinyaCO, pirineusCO, pí blancalCO, pí bordCO, pí de la terraCO, pí melisCO, pí roigCO, pí roijalCO, pí rojaletCO, pí-melisCO, rajoletCO, rojaletCO, sebòCO, sebóCO; Finnish (Finland): metsämäntyCP; Galician (Spain): peñeiro bravoCO, pino bravoCO, piñeiroCO, piñeiro bravoCO, piñeiro do paísCO, piñeiro roxoCO, piñeiro rubioCO, piñeiro silvestreCO; High Aragonese (Spain): blancaCO, pino albarCO, pino blancalCO, pino hembraCO, pino royoCO; Majorcan (Mallorca): píCO; Portuguese (Portugal): pinheiroCO, pinheiro alvarCO, pinheiro bravoCO, pinheiro da casquinhaCO, pinheiro de FlandresCO, pinheiro de RigaCO, pinheiro negroCO, pinheiro silvestreCO, pinheiro-da-EscóciaCO, pinheiro-da-casquinhaCO, pinheiro-de-FlandresCO, pinheiro-de-casquinhaCO, pinheiro-de-rigaCO, pinheiro-rigaCO, pinheiro-selvagemCO, pinheiro-silvestreCO, pinheiro-vermelho-do-BálticoCO; Russian (Armenia): Сосна КохаI; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): ValsaínCO, aznachoCO, aznalloCO, escupineiroCO, pinabeteCO, pineda de carbonerosCO, pineteCO, pinoCO, pino ValsaínCO, pino albarCO, pino albar silvestreCO, pino balsainCO, pino balsaínCO, pino bermejoCO, pino blancalCO, pino blancoCO, pino blanquilloCO, pino bordeCO, pino bravoCO, pino bravíoCO, pino broznoCO, pino carrascoCO, pino chopoCO, pino comúnCO, pino cortezudoCO, pino cortezueloCO, pino de BalsainCO, pino de EscociaCO, pino de ValsaínCO, pino de balsaínCO, pino enebralCO, pino nebralCO, pino negralCO, pino negroCO, pino realCO, pino rojalCO, pino royalCO, pino royanoCO, pino royoCO, pino serranoCO, pino silvestreCO, piñaCO, piñalCO, tedaCO; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): tallCP; Valencian (Spain): piCO, pi albarCO, pi brancalCO, pi cerrutCO, pi roigCO, pi rojalCO, pi urgellencCO, pí negralCO

Bibliography

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AH. Kukk, T. 1999: Vascular Plant Flora of Estonia. – Tartu-Tallinn: Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus

AI. Laasimer, L., Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Lekavičius, A. (ed.) 1993: Flora of the Baltic countries. Flora Baltijskich Respublik 1. – Tartu: Estonian Academy of Sciences

AJ. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki (as Pinus sylvestris var. lapponica Fr.)

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AM. Gagnidze, R. 2005: Vascular plants of Georgia. A nomenclatural checklist. – Tbilisi (as Pinus kochiana K. Koch)

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AO. Grossgejm, A. A. 1928: Flora Kavkaza 1. – Tiflis (as Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn.)

AP. Kec'xoveli, N. 1971: Sak'art'velos p'lora. Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 1. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai)

AQ. Kec'xoveli, N. 1971: Sak'art'velos p'lora. Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 1. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Pinus kochiana K. Koch)

AR. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 4: Kritischer Band 8, ed. 8

AS. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 4: Kritischer Band 8, ed. 8 (as Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris)

AT. Mitarbeiter 2013: Florenliste von Deutschland - Gefäßpflanzen, Version 5 (July 2013) – http://www.kp-buttler.de (as Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris)

AU. Rothmaler, W. (ed. Jäger, E. J.) 2011: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Grundband, ed. 20. – Heidelberg: Spektrum (as Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris)

AV. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 3. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband, ed. 10. – Heidelberg, Berlin

AW. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart

AX. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart (as Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris)

AY. Perring, F. H. & Walters, S. M. 1982: Atlas of the British flora, ed. 3. – Peterborough

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BO. Lid, J. & Lid, D. T. 2005: Norsk Flora, ed. 7 (as Pinus sylvestris L. var. sylvestris)

BP. Lid, J. & Lid, D. T. 2005: Norsk Flora, ed. 7 (as Pinus sylvestris var. lapponica Fr.)

BQ. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15

BR. Castroviejo, S. 1986: Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. 1. – Madrid

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BW. Fedorov, A. A. 1974: Flora Partis europaeae URSS 1. – Leningrad (as Pinus sylvestris subsp. lapponica (Hartm.) Holmb.)

BX. Tolmatchew, A. I. 1960: Flora arctica URSS 1. – Moskva & Leningrad (as Pinus sylvestris subsp. lapponica (Hartm.) Holmb.)

BY. Murtazaliev, R. A. 2009: Konspekt flory Dagestana 1. – Makhachkala (as Pinus kochiana K. Koch)

BZ. Arrigoni, P. V. 2006: Flora dell'Isola di Sardegna 1. – Sassari

CA. Sarić, M. R. 1992: Flora Srbije. The flora of Serbia, ed. 2, 1. – Belgrade: Serbian Academy of the Sciences and the Arts

CB. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava

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CE. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona

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CH. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel

CI. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin (as Pinus silvestris)

CJ. Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1993: Flora Europaea, ed. 2, 1. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (as Pinus silvestris)

CK. Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1984: Med-Checklist 1. – Genève & Berlin (as Pinus kochiana K. Koch)

CL. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

CM. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (as Pinus kochiana K. Koch)

CN. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka

CO. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Pinus sylvestris L.)

CP. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS (as Pinus sylvestris L.)