Rhamnus cathartica

Synonymy

Source: Henning, T. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2016+): Rhamnaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Rhamnus cathartica L., Sp. Pl.: 193. 1753

=Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq., Pl. Alp. Carniol.: 9. 1782

Content

Distribution

Ab(A) Ag Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(B L) Br Bu By Cg Cm Cs Ct Da Es Fe Ga(F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(?A S) Hu It La Le Lt Lu Ma Mk Mo No Po Rf(C CS E K N NW S) Rm Si(S) Sk Sl Sr Su Sy Tu(A) Uk [nCo]

Euro+Med not endemicA: Albania nativeB,C,D,E,F,G; Algeria nativeH,I; Armenia nativeJ; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeK (Austria nativeL,M,N, Liechtenstein nativeM); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) nativeO); Belarus nativeP,Q; Belgium, with Luxembourg nativeK (Belgium nativeR,S, Luxembourg nativeR,S,T); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativeD; Bulgaria nativeC,D,U; Corsica naturalisedV,W; Crimea nativeC,Q,X; Croatia nativeAA,D,Y,Z; Czech Republic nativeAB,AC,AD,AE,N; Denmark nativeAF,D,K; Estonia nativeAG,P,Q; Finland nativeAH,K; Former Yugoslavia nativeC; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (France nativeC,R); Georgia nativeAI,AJ,AK; Germany nativeAL,AM,AN,AO,AP,AQ,K,N; Great Britain nativeAR,AS,K; Greece nativeAT,C; Hungary nativeAU,AV,K; Ireland, with N Ireland nativeAS,K (Ireland nativeAR,AW, Northern Ireland nativeAR,AW); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeAX,AY,C,M; Latvia nativeAG,P,Q; Lebanon nativeAZ; Lebanon-Syria nativeI; Lithuania nativeAG,P,Q; Moldova nativeBA,P,Q; Montenegro nativeBB,D; Morocco nativeH,I; Netherlands nativeBC,BD,K; North Macedonia nativeBE; Norway nativeBF,BG,K; Poland nativeAY,BH,K; Portugal nativeBI; Romania nativeBJ,BK,BL,D,K; Russia (C European Russia nativeP,Q, E European Russia nativeP,Q, Kaliningrad region nativeP,Q, N European Russia nativeP,Q, NW European Russia nativeP,Q, North Caucasus nativeBM, S European Russia nativeP,Q); Serbia, with Kosovo nativeBN,D; Sicily, with Malta nativeK (Sicily nativeAX,BO,BP,I); Slovakia nativeAC,AD,BQ,BR; Slovenia nativeAA,BS; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeC (Andorra native: presence questionableBI, Spain nativeBI,BT); Sweden nativeBU,BV,K; Switzerland nativeBW,BX,BY,K,N; Syria nativeAZ; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeBZ,I); Ukraine nativeQ; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeCA,CB,P

Common Names

Finnish (Finland): orapaatsamaCC; Greek, Modern (1453-) (Greece): ΛευκάγκαθοCD, ΛευκαγκάθαCD, ΛευκαγκαθιάCD, ΣπυράκιCD; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): getapelCC

Bibliography

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AP. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 3. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband, ed. 10. – Heidelberg, Berlin (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

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AT. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31

AU. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

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AW. Scannell, M. J. P. & Synnott, D. M. 1987: Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland, ed. 2. – Dublin (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

AX. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi

AY. Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkova, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M. 2002: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist. – Biodiversity Poland 1

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BO. Giardina, G., Raimondo, F. M. & Spadaro, V. 2007: A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. – Bocconea 20 (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BP. Raimondo, F. M., Domina, G. & Spadaro, V. 2010: Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily. – Quaderni di Botanica ambientale e applicata 21: 189-252 (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BQ. Futák, J. 1984: Flóra Slovenska IV (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BR. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BS. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BT. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BU. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560 (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BV. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BW. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

BX. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

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CA. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (as Rhamnus catharticus L.)

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CC. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS

CD. Voliotis, D. & Athanasiadis, N. 1971: Dendra ke thamni [Trees and shrubs; in Greek]. – Thessaloniki