Helleborus orientalis

Helleborus orientalis

Synonymy

Source: Raab-Straube, E. von, Hand, R., Hörandl, E. & Nardi, E. (2014+): Ranunculaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Helleborus orientalis Lam., Encycl. 3: 96. 1789
    • =Helleborus olympicus Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 1841: 54. 1841
    • =Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun in Braun & al., Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1853, app: 14. 1853
    • ≡Helleborus orientalis subsp. abschasicus (A. Braun) B. Mathew, Hellebores: 90. 1989
    • =Helleborus antiquorum A. Braun in Braun & al., Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1853, app: 13. 1853
    • =Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun in Braun & al., Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1853, app: 14. 1853
    • =Helleborus guttatus A. Braun & F. W. H. Sauer in Braun & al., Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1853, app: 23. 1853
    • ≡Helleborus orientalis subsp. guttatus (A. Braun & F. W. H. Sauer) B. Mathew, Hellebores: 90. 1989

    Content

    Distribution

    Ab(A) Ar Gg -Gr Rf(CS) Tu(A E) [Au(A) nBr aCs Ct aDa nGe aHb(E) He aIt ?Sl aSu] 

    Euro+Med not endemic: Armenia nativeA,B; Austria, with Liechtenstein (Austria introducedC); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) nativeD); Croatia introducedE; Czech Republic casualF; Denmark casualG,H,I; Georgia nativeB,D,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q; Germany naturalisedR; Great Britain naturalisedS; Greece native: reported in errorT; Ireland, with N Ireland (Ireland casualU); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City casualV; Russia (North Caucasus nativeB,D); Slovenia introduced: presence questionableE; Sweden casualG,H; Switzerland introducedW; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeX,Y, Turkey-in-Europe nativeX,Y,Z)

    Bibliography

    A. Takhtajan, A. L. 1954: Flora Armenii 1. – Erevan (as Helleborus guttatus A. Braun & F. W. H. Sauer)
    B. Takhtajan, A. L. 2012: Konspekt flory Kavkaza 3(2). – Sankt-Peterburg & Moskva (as Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun)
    C. Fischer, M. A., Oswald, K. & Adler, W. 2008: Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, ed. 3. – Linz
    D. Grossgejm, A. A. 1950: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 4. – Moskva & Leningrad (as Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun)
    E. Rottensteiner, W. K. 2014: Exkursionsflora für Istrien. – Klagenfurt
    F. Danihelka, J., Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. 2012: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. – Preslia 84: 647-811
    G. Jonsell, B. 2001: Flora Nordica 2 (as Helleborus orientalis subsp. abchasicus)
    H. Jonsell, B. 2001: Flora Nordica 2 (as Helleborus orientalis subsp. guttatus (A. Braun & F. W. H. Sauer) B. Mathew)
    I. Jonsell, B. 2001: Flora Nordica 2 (as Helleborus orientalis Lam. subsp. orientalis)
    J. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany (as Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun)
    K. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany (as Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun)
    L. Gagnidze, R. 2005: Vascular plants of Georgia. A nomenclatural checklist. – Tbilisi (as Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun)
    M. Gagnidze, R. 2005: Vascular plants of Georgia. A nomenclatural checklist. – Tbilisi (as Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun)
    N. Grossgejm, A. A. 1950: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 4. – Moskva & Leningrad (as Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun)
    O. Kec'xoveli, N. 1973: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 2. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun)
    P. Kec'xoveli, N. 1973: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 2. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun)
    Q. Takhtajan, A. L. 2012: Konspekt flory Kavkaza 3(2). – Sankt-Peterburg & Moskva (as Helleborus abschasicus A. Braun)
    R. Buttler, K. P., Thieme, M. & Mitarbeiter 2011: Florenliste von Deutschland – Gefäßpflanzen, Version 3 (August 2011) – http://www.kp-buttler.de/florenliste/index.htm
    S. Stace, C. 2010: New Flora of the British Isles, ed. 3
    T. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31
    U. Reynolds, S. C. P. 2002: A catalogue of alien plants in Ireland. – Glasnevin
    V. Galasso, G. & al. 2018: An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. – Pl. Biosystems 152: 556-592. http://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197
    W. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin
    X. Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1989: Med-Checklist 4. – Genève & Berlin
    Y. Güner, A. 2012: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. – Istanbul
    Z. Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1993: Flora Europaea, ed. 2, 1. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press