Malus sylvestris

Malus sylvestris

Synonymy

Source: Kurtto, A. (2009+): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Malus no. 1. 1768 [is earlier homonym of Malus sylvestris Moench]
  • Pyrus malus var. sylvestris L., Sp. Pl.: 479. 1753
  • Pyrus malus subsp. sylvestris (L.) Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 1780(14): 223. 1780
  • Pyrus sylvestris (L.) Focke in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 24. 1888
  • Malus communis subsp. sylvestris (L.) Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 395. 1893

Distribution

Ab Al Ar Au(A) BH Be(B L) Br Bu By Cg Cm Co Cs Ct Da Es Fe Ga(C F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(S) Hu It La -Li Lt Lu Mk Mo No Po Rf(C CS E K N NW S) Rm Sa Si(S) Sk Sl Sr Su Tu(A E) Uk [cSi(M)] 

Euro+Med not endemicA: Albania nativenativeB,C,D,E; Armenia nativenativeF; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativenativeD (Austria nativeG,H); Azerbaijan nativenativeF,I; Belarus nativeJ; Belgium, with Luxembourg nativenativeD (Belgium nativenativeJ, Luxembourg nativenativeJ); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativenativeJ; Bulgaria nativenativeD,K,L; Corsica nativenativeD,M,N; Crimea nativenativeD; Croatia nativenativeO,P; Czech Republic nativenativeH,Q,R,S; Denmark nativenativeD,T; Estonia nativenativeU; Finland nativenativeD,V; France, with Channel is. and Monaco nativenativeD,W (Channel islands nativenativeJ,X, France nativenativeJ); Georgia nativenativeA,F,Y; Germany nativenativeAA,AB,AC,D,H,Z; Great Britain nativenativeD; Greece nativenativeD; Hungary nativenativeAD,AE,D; Ireland, with N Ireland nativenativeD (Ireland nativenativeAF, Northern Ireland nativenativeX); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativenativeAG,D; Latvia nativenativeU; Libya native: reported in errorJ; Lithuania nativenativeU; Moldova nativenativeAH; Montenegro nativenativeJ; Netherlands nativenativeAI,AJ,D; North Macedonia nativenativeAK; Norway nativenativeAL,D; Poland nativenativeAM,D,H; Portugal nativenativeAN,AO,D; Romania nativenativeAP,D; Russia (C European Russia nativenativeJ, E European Russia nativenativeJ, Kaliningrad region nativenativeJ, N European Russia nativenativeJ, NW European Russia nativenativeJ, North Caucasus nativenativeJ, S European Russia nativeJ); Sardinia nativenativeAG; Serbia, with Kosovo nativenativeAQ; Sicily, with Malta nativenativeD (Malta cultivatedcultivatedAR, Sicily nativenativeAG); Slovakia nativenativeAS,AT,Q,R; Slovenia nativenativeAU; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativenativeD (Spain nativenativeAN); Sweden nativenativeAV,AW,D; Switzerland nativenativeAX,AY,D,H; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativenativeA,AZ, Turkey-in-Europe nativenativeA,D); Ukraine nativenativeJ; Ukraine, with Crimea nativenativeBA,BB

Common Names

Aragonese (Spain): manzaneraBC, manzanera bordeBC, manzanoñerasBC, manzañones (fruto)BC; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): caruezaBC, coruezaBC, manzanalBC, manzaneiroBC, mazanaBC, mazana caninaBC, mazana montiscaBC, mazanalBC, mazanal caninaBC, mazanal cargüezaBC, mazanal cargüezuBC, mazanal montesinaBC, mazanal montiscaBC, mazanal montiscuBC, mazanal montésBC, mazanal villanuBC, mazanu canínBC, mazanu montésBC, pumarBC, pumar silvestreBC; Basque (Spain): basa-sagarraBC, basa-sagartzeaBC, basakaBC, basakoaBC, basateBC, basateaBC, basatiaBC, baso sagarrBC, currubitaBC, espuru sagarrBC, gurbeBC, gurrufitoBC, manazano-borteBC, mintxagarrisBC, mintxagárrisBC, patxakaBC, patxákaBC, pintxagarBC, pintxagarreBC, pintxagárBC, pintxagárreBC, sagar (fruto)BC, sagar-basatiaBC, sagar-gaciaBC, sagar-gaziaBC, sagarkoaBC, sagarminBC, sagarminaBC, sagarrBC, sagarr orpoBC, sagarr-orpoBC, sagarraBC, sagarrkoBC, sagarrkoatzeBC, sagarrminBC, sagarrondoBC, sagarrorpoBC, sagarrtzeBC, sargaminBC, sargaminaBD, sestrakaBD, txagaminBD, txagarmínBD, xapgarrkoBD; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): manzaneraBD, maçanaBD, maçanerBD, maçaneraBD, pomaBD, poma bordaBD, pomerBD, pomer bordBD, pomeraBD, pomera bordaBD, pomera mosquinaBD, pomera saltvajeBD, pomera salvatgeBD, pomera silvestreBD, pomes de boscBD; Finnish (Finland): metsäomenapuuBE; Galician (Spain): boulleiroBD, boulleiro bravoBD, carocosBD, caruceiroBD, caruceiro bravoBD, caruezoBD, caruezo bravoBD, caruezosBD, espinero manzaneiroBD, macanzeiraBD, maceiraBD, maceira bravaBD, macieiraBD, macieira bravaBD, macira bravaBD, maciñeiraBD, maciñeira bravaBD, mancieira bravaBD, manzanceira bravaBD, manzaneiraBD, manzaneira bravaBD, mazaeiro bravoBD, mazaira bravaBD, mazanceira bravaBD, mazá bravaBD, maçans de porcoBD, pomera bordaBD, pumariño bravoBD; High Aragonese (Spain): manzanera bordeBD, mazanera bordeBD, pomera salbachinaBD; Portuguese (Portugal): macanzeiraBD, maceiraBD, maceira bravaBD, maceira cultivadaBD, maceira silvestreBD, macieiraBD, macieira bravaBD, maçanceiraBD, maçanzeiraBD, maçâBD, maçâ craveiraBD, maçã-azedaBD, pereira cultivadaBD; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): camuesaBD, camuesoBD, chiminoBD, currubitaBD, gurrufitoBD, maellaBD, maellasBD, maelloBD, maguillaBD, maguilloBD, maguillosBD, mailaBD, mailasBD, maillasBD, mailloBD, maillosBD, mailoBD, manzanaBD, manzana de pastorBD, manzana silvestreBD, manzanalBD, manzaneiraBD, manzaneraBD, manzaneroBD, manzanoBD, manzano acerboBD, manzano agrioBD, manzano bravoBD, manzano de monteBD, manzano de árbolBD, manzano montésBD, manzano salvajeBD, manzano silvestreBD, manzano silvestre de bosqueBD, manzanoñerasBD, manzañoneraBD, manzañonesBD, maquilloBD, mazanaBD, mazanalBD, maílaBD, maíllasBD, maílloBD, maíllosBD, mellaBD, melloBD, peraza silvestre, especie de asperiegaBD, peroBD, perónBD, pomarBD, pomeraBD; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): vildapelBE; Valencian (Spain): manzaneraBD, pomaBD, pomeraBD

Bibliography

A. Davis, P. H. 1972: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands 4
B. Barina, Z. 2017: Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. – Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum
C. Demiri, M. 1983: Flora ekskursioniste e shqipërisë. – Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor
D. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
E. Vangjeli, J. 2017: Flora Albanica. Atlas 1. – Schmitten-Obereifenberg: Koeltz
F. Grossheim, A. A. 1952: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 5. – Moskva-Leningrad (as Malus orientalis Uglitzk.)
G. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien
H. Hegi, G. 1994: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed. 2, IV(2B,lfg.4-6)
I. Rechinger, K. H. (ed.) 1969: Flora Iranica 66. – Graz
J. Scholz, H. (ed.) 1995: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed. 2, IV(2B). – Berlin
K. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo
L. Jordanov, D. 1973: Flora na Narodna Republika Bălgarija 5. – Sofija
M. Burdet, H. M. 1993: Compléments au prodrome de la flore corse. Annexe 3 [Gamisans, J. & Jeanmonod, D.]. – Genève
N. Gamisans, J. 1985: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Corse. – Ajaccio
O. Nikolić, T. 1997: Flora Croatica, Index Florae Croaticae Pars 2. – Zagreb: Croatian Natural History Museum
P. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 3. – Zagreb
Q. Dostál, J. 1989: Nová Kvetena CSSR 1
R. Kubát, K. 1991: Velky klúc na ucovanie vyssích rastlín I
S. Slavík & Štěpánková, J. 1992: Květena České republiky 3
T. Hansen, K. 1993: Dansk feltflora. – København
U. Laasimer, L., Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Lekavičius, A. (ed.) 1996: Flora of the Baltic countries 2. – Tartu: Estonian Academy of Sciences
V. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki
W. Guinochet, M. & Vilmorin, R. de 1984: Flore de France 5
X. Preston, C. D. & al. (ed.) 2002: New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. – Oxford (as Malus sylvestris sens. lat.)
Y. Kec'xoveli, N. 1980: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 6. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba
Z. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 8. – Jena, Stuttgart
AA. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 3. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband, ed. 10. – Heidelberg, Berlin
AB. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband 10, ed. 10, 3
AC. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart
AD. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót
AE. Simon, T. 1992: A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Harasztok - virágos növények. – Budapest
AF. Webb, D. A., Parnell, J. & Doogue, D. 1996: An Irish Flora. – Dundalk
AG. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 1
AH. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza
AI. Duistermaat, H., Sparrius, L. B. & Denters, T. 2021: Standaardlijst van de Nederlandse flora 2020. – Gorteria; mededelingenblad ten dienste van de floristiek en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland 43: 109-156
AJ. Meijden, R. van der 1990: Heukels' Flora van Nederland, ed. 21. – Groningen
AK. Micevski, K. 1998: Flora of Republic of Macedonia 1(4). – Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
AL. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo
AM. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15
AN. Castroviejo, S. 1998: Flora Iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. 6
AO. J. M. A. do A. Franco 1971: Nova Flora de Portugal (continente e Açores). 1. – Lisboa
AP. Ciocîrlan, V. 1988: Flora Ilustrata a României 1. – Bucureşti: Editura Ceres
AQ. Josifović, M. 1972: Flora SR Srbije = Flore de la Republique Socialiste de Serbie 4. – Beograd: Academie Serbe des sciences et des arts
AR. Haslam, S. L., Sell, P. D. & Wolseley, P. A. 1977: A flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida
AS. Futák, J. 1992: Flóra Slovenska IV(3)
AT. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava
AU. 1828: – Mémoires de la société linnéenne de Paris, précédés de son histoire 6
AV. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560
AW. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm
AX. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel
AY. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin
AZ. Davis, P. H. 2001: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11 (suppl. 2) [Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K. H. C.]. – Edinburgh
BA. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
BB. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka
BC. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
BD. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.)
BE. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS (as Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.)