Phytolacca americana

Phytolacca americana

Synonymy

Source: Uotila, P. (2011+): Phytolaccaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Phytolacca americana L., Sp. Pl.: 441. 1753
    • =Phytolacca decandra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 631. 1762

    Distribution

    [nAE(G) Ab(A) nAg nAl Ar cAu(aA) nAz(C F G J L M P S T) nBH cBe(B) nBl(I M N) -Br nBu By nCa(H T) Cg nCm nCo nCr aCs nCt pCy -Eg nGa(F) nGe Gg nGr nHe nHo nHs(G S) nHu Ir nIt nLu nMa nMd(M) Mk Mo Rf(C CS E NW) nRm nSa nSi(M S) nSk Sl Sr Sy nTn nTu(A E) Uk] 

    Euro+Med not endemicA,B,C,D,E,F,G: Albania naturalisedH,I,J; Algeria naturalisedI; Armenia introducedK; Austria, with Liechtenstein cultivatedJ (Austria casualL); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) introducedK,M); Azores naturalisedJ,N (Corvo naturalisedN,O,P, Faial naturalisedN,O,P, Flores naturalisedN,O,P, Graciosa naturalisedN,O,P, Pico naturalisedN,O,P, Santa Maria naturalisedN,O,P, São Jorge naturalisedN,O,P, São Miguel naturalisedN,O,P, Terceira naturalisedN,O,P); Baleares naturalisedI,J (Ibiza naturalisedQ,R, Mallorca naturalisedQ,R,S, Menorca naturalisedQ,R,S,T); Belarus introducedU; Belgium, with Luxembourg (Belgium cultivatedV); Bosnia-Herzegovina naturalisedW,X; Bulgaria naturalisedI,J; Canary islands naturalisedN (Hierro naturalisedN,Y, Tenerife naturalisedN,Y); Corsica naturalisedI,J,Z; Crete, with Karpathos naturalisedAA,F,I,J; Crimea naturalisedJ; Croatia naturalisedAB,AC,AD; Cyprus introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationI; Czech Republic casualAE; East Aegean islands (Greek East Aegean islands naturalisedF); Egypt introduced: reported in errorI; Former Yugoslavia naturalisedI,J; France, with Channel is. and Monaco naturalisedI,J,V (France introducedAF); Georgia introducedAG,AH,K; Germany naturalisedJ; Great Britain introduced: reported in errorAI; Greece naturalisedF,I,J; Hungary naturalisedAJ,J; Israel/Palestine introducedAK,AL,AM; Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City naturalisedAN,AO,I,J; Lebanon-Syria casualI; Madeira archipelago naturalisedN (Madeira island naturalisedAP,N); Moldova introducedAQ,U; Montenegro introducedAR,W; Morocco naturalisedI; Netherlands naturalisedAS,J; North Macedonia introducedAT; Portugal naturalisedI,J,R; Romania naturalisedJ; Russia (C European Russia introducedAU,U, E European Russia introducedU, NW European Russia introducedU, North Caucasus introducedAV,K); Sardinia naturalisedAN,AO,I,J; Serbia, with Kosovo introducedAW,W; Sicily, with Malta naturalisedJ (Malta naturalisedAX,I, Sicily naturalisedAN,AO,AY,E,I); Slovakia naturalisedAE,AZ; Slovenia introducedAF,BA; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra naturalisedI,J (Gibraltar naturalisedBB, Spain naturalisedQ,R); Switzerland naturalisedJ; Syria introducedAK,AM; Tunisia naturalisedBC,I; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part naturalisedBD,I, Turkey-in-Europe naturalisedI,J); Ukraine introducedBE,U

    Common Names

    Albanian (Albania): Çapëza amerikaneBF; Catalan; Valencian (Baleares): abre de tintaBG, rem de moroBG; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): arbre de la tintaBG, belladona bordaBG, bellaombraBG, escopetasBG, escopetesBG, fitolacaBG, fitolacaçBG, grana de canariBG, herba carmíBG, herba de l'obleaBG, herba de l´obleaBG, ombúBG, raïm de guillaBG, raïm de l'escopetaBG, raïm de l´escopetaBG, raïm de moroBG, raïm de sant SalviBG, raïms de moroBG, tintaBG; Croatian (Croatia): američki kermesBH; Czech (Czech Republic): líčidlo americkéBI; Dutch; Flemish (Netherlands): Westerse karmozijnbesBJ; French (France): Raisin d'AmériqueBK, TeinturierBK, Épinard de CayenneBK, Épinard des IndesBK; French (Switzerland): Phytolaque américaineBL, Raisin-d'AmériqueBL; Galician (Spain): baga-noivaBG, erva tintureiraBG, erva-dos-cachos-da-indiaBG, erva-dos-canerosBG, espinafre-doceBG, gaia-moçaBG, granaBG, granasBG, herba carmínBG, tintureiraBG, uva de granBG, uva dos tintureirosBG, uva-da-AméricaBG, uva-do-canadáBG, uva-dos-tintureirosBG, vermelhaoBG; German (Germany): Amerikanische KermesbeereBM; German (Switzerland): KermesbeereBN; Italian (Switzerland): Cremesina Uva-turcaBO; Majorcan (Mallorca): abre de tintaBG, arbre de tintaBG, rahims de moroBG, reim de moroBG, rem de moroBG; Portuguese (Portugal): baga-noivaBG, erva dos cachos da ÍndiaBG, erva tintureiraBG, erva-dos-cachos-da-IndiaBG, erva-dos-cachos-da-índiaBG, erva-dos-cancarosBG, erva-dos-cancrosBG, erva-dos-canerosBG, erva-tintureiraBG, espinafre-doceBG, fitolacaBG, gaia-moçaBG, granaBG, herva dos cachos da IndiaBG, herva dos cancrosBG, tintureiraBG, tintureira vulgarBG, uva-da-américaBG, uva-de-AméricaBG, uva-do-canadáBG, uva-dos-tintureirosBG, vermelhaoBG, vermelhâoBG, vermelhãoBG; Romanian (Moldova): кырмез американAQ; Romanian (Romania): CârmâzBP; Slovak (Slovakia): líčidlo americkéAZ; Slovenian (Slovenia): Navadna barvilnicaBA; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): carminero de CanariasBG, espinacas de AméricaBG, fitolacaBG, flor de la granaBG, granaBG, grana de jardínBG, grana encarnadaBG, granillaBG, hierba carmineraBG, hierba carmínBG, hierba de la obleaBG, tintillaBG, tintureiraBG, uva de CorintoBG, uvas de AmericaBG, uvas de AméricaBG, uvas de IndiasBG, uvillas de las IndiasBG, yerba carmínBG, yerba de carmínBG, yerba de la obleaBG; Valencian (Spain): herba de la obleaBG

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