Carlina vulgaris

Carlina vulgaris

Synonymy

Source: Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Carlina vulgaris L., Sp. Pl.: Errata. 1753
    • =Carlina semiamplexicaulis Formánek in Österr. Bot. Z. 40: 86. 1890
    • =Carlina rhodopaea Formánek in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 36: 64. 1898
    • =Carlina striata Formánek in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 37: 169. 1899
    • =Carlina flavispina Simonk. in Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 15. 1907
    • =Carlina taurica Klokov in Visjulina, Fl. URSR 11: 558. 1962
    • – "Carlina stricta" sensu Cadevall i Diars, J. & Sallent 19231
    • 1. Cadevall i Diars, J. & Sallent, A. 1923: Flora de Catalunya 3(3-6). – Barcelona

    Content

    Distribution

    Ab(A N) Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(B L) -Bl Br Bu Cg Cm Cs Ct Da Es Fe Ga(C F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(A S) Hu It La Lt Lu Mk Mo No Po Rf(CS K) Rm -Si(S) Sk Sl Sr Su Tu(A -E) Uk 

    Euro+Med not endemic: Albania nativeA,B,C,D,E; Armenia native ‒ nativeF,G,H; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeC (Austria nativeI,J, Liechtenstein nativeK); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) native ‒ nativeF,G,L,M, Nakhchivan nativeF,L); Baleares native: reported in errorN; Belgium, with Luxembourg nativeC,O (Belgium nativeP, Luxembourg nativeP,Q); Bosnia-Herzegovina native ‒ nativeB,R,S; Bulgaria native ‒ nativeB,C,T,U,V; Crimea nativeAA,AB,G,W,X,Y,Z; Croatia native ‒ nativeAC,AD,AE,AF,AG,B; Czech Republic nativeAH,AI,AJ,AK,AL,J; Denmark nativeAM,C; Estonia nativeAN,AO; Finland nativeAP,C; Former Yugoslavia nativeC; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (Channel islands nativeAQ, France nativeAR,AS,AT,AU,AV,AW,AX,C,O); Georgia nativeAY,AZ,BA,F,G; Germany nativeBB,BC,BD,C,J,O; Great Britain nativeBE,C; Greece native ‒ nativeBF,BG,BH,C; Hungary nativeBI,BJ,C; Ireland, with N Ireland nativeC (Ireland nativeBK,BL, Northern Ireland nativeBK,BL); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City native ‒ nativeAC,BM,BN,BO,BP,C; Latvia nativeAO,BQ; Lithuania nativeAO; Moldova nativeBR,X; Montenegro nativeB,BS; Netherlands nativeBT,BU,BV,C; North Macedonia native ‒ nativeB,BW,BX,BY,BZ,CA,W; Norway nativeC,CB; Poland nativeC,CC,CD; Portugal native; Romania nativeB,C,CE,CF; Russia (Kaliningrad region nativeCG, North Caucasus nativeCH,F,G,W); Serbia, with Kosovo native ‒ nativeCI,CJ,CK; Sicily, with Malta (Sicily native: reported in errorBN); Slovakia nativeAI,AJ,CL; Slovenia nativeCM,CN,CO; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeC (Andorra native ‒ nativeCP,CQ,CR, Spain native ‒ nativeAS,CS,CT,CU,CV,CW,CX,CY); Sweden nativeC,CZ,DA; Switzerland nativeC,DB,DC,J; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part native ‒ nativeDD,DE, Turkey-in-Europe native: reported in errorDD,DF,W); Ukraine nativeDG,G,X; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeDH

    Common Names

    Albanian (Albania): Ushonjëz e rëndomtëDI; Armenian (Armenia): Վարազափուշ սովորականDJ; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): carduDK; Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan): Ади jумагoтуL; Bulgarian (Bulgaria): Обикновена решеткаT; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): cardotDK, carlina petitaDK, carlina silvestreDK; Croatian (Croatia): Obični kravljakDL, Trepavasti kravjakDM; Czech (Czech Republic): Pupava obecnáDN; Danish (Denmark): Almindelig BakketidselDO; Dutch; Flemish (Netherlands): DrieddistelBU; English (Great Britain): Carline ThistleDP; Estonian (Estonia): Harilik keelikurohiDQ; Finnish (Finland): KurhoDO, ketokurhoDR; French (Belgium): Carline vulgaireDS; French (France): Carline communeDT, Carline vulgaireDT, Chardon doréDT; French (Switzerland): Carline vulgaireDU; German (Germany): Gewöhnliche GolddistelDV, Kleine EberwurzDV; German (Switzerland): Gemeine EberwurzDW, GolddistelDW; Italian (Italy): Carlina comuneBN; Latvian (Latvia): Parastais zeltdadzisDQ; Lithuanian (Lithuania): Paprastoji karlinaDQ; Norwegian (Norway): StjernetistelDO; Polish (Poland): Dziewięćsił pospolityCD; Romanian (Moldova): Туртакэ обишнуитэBR; Russian (Armenia): Колючник обыкновенныйDJ; Slovak (Slovakia): Krasovlas obyčajnýDX; Slovenian (Slovenia): Navadna kompavaCO; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): carlinaDK, carlina de monteDK, carlina silvestreDK, carpazoDK; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): spåtistelDR; Swedish (Sweden): SpåtistelDY, StjärntistelDO; Ukrainian (Ukraine): Вiдкасник звичайнийDZ, Вiдкасник кримскийEA; Valencian (Spain): cardotDK

    Bibliography

    A. Barina, Z. 2017: Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. – Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum
    B. Hayek, A. von 1928–1931: Prodromus florae peninsulae balcanicae, 2. – Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte 30(2) (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    C. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    D. Vangjeli, J. 1999: Flora e Shqipërisë 4. – Tiranë
    E. Vangjeli, J. 2003: Udhëheqës fushor i florës së Shqipërisë. – Tiranë
    F. Grossgejm, A. A. 1934: Flora kavkaza 4. – Baku
    G. Komarov, V. L. 1962: Flora SSSR 27 [Šiškin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G.]. – Leningrad
    H. Tahtadžjan, A. L. 1995: Flora Armenii 9. – Havlíčkův Brod
    I. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien
    J. Hegi, G. 1987: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed. 2, VI(4). – Berlin, etc. (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    K. Seitter, H. 1977: Die Flora des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. – Vaduz
    L. Karjagin, I. I. 1961: Flora Azerbajdžana 8. – Baku: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Azerbajdžanskoj SSR
    M. Polatschek, A. 1997: Flora von Nordtirol, Osttirol und Vorarlberg 1. – Innsbruck
    N. Bolòs, O. de & Vigo Bonada, J. 1995: Flora dels països catalans 3. – Barcelona
    O. Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. 2004: Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5. – Meise
    P. van Rompaey, E. 1972: Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora – Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten. – Meise
    Q. Colling, G. 2005: Red List of the Vascular Plants of Luxembourg. – Ferrantia 42
    R. Beck, G. 1983: Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae [Flora Bosne, Hercegovine i novipazarskog sandžaka] 4(4) [Slišković, T.]. – Sarajevo (as Carlina vulgaris var. semiamplexicaulis)
    S. Beck, G. 1983: Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae [Flora Bosne, Hercegovine i novipazarskog sandžaka] 4(4) [Slišković, T.]. – Sarajevo (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    T. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo
    U. As’ov, B., Petrova, A., Dimitrov, D. & Vasilev, R. 2002: Konspekt na visšata flora na Bălgarija, ed. 2. – Sofija
    V. Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1967: Flora na Bălgarija, 4 [Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B.], 2. – Sofija (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    W. Boissier, P. E. 1875: Flora orientalis 3. – Genève, Basel & Lyon
    X. Fedorov, A. A. 1994: Flora evropejskoj časti SSSR 7 [Cvelev, N. N.]. – Leningrad
    Y. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka (as Carlina taurica Klokov)
    Z. Rubcov, N. I. 1972: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Kryma. – Leningrad
    AA. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (as Carlina taurica Klokov)
    AB. Vul’f, E. V. 1969: Flora Kryma 3(3) [Rubcov, N. I. & Privalova, L. A.]. – Moskva & Jalta
    AC. Fiori, A. 1925–1929: Nuova flora analitica d’Italia 2. – Firenze (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    AD. Nikolić, T. 2000: Flora Croatica. Index florae Croaticae, 3. – Natura Croatica 9, Suppl. 1 (as Carlina flavispina Simonk.)
    AE. Nikolić, T. 2000: Flora Croatica. Index florae Croaticae, 3. – Natura Croatica 9, Suppl. 1 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AF. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 2. – Zagreb
    AG. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 2. – Zagreb (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AH. Danihelka, J., Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. 2012: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. – Preslia 84: 647-811
    AI. Dostál, J. 1989: Nová kvetena CSSR 2. – Praha (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AJ. Dostál, J. 1992: Vel’ký kl’úc na určovanie vyšších rastlín 2. – Bratislava (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AK. Kubát, K. 2002: Klíč ke květeně České republiky. – Praha
    AL. Slavík, B. & Štěpánková, J. 2004: Květena České Republiky 7. – Praha
    AM. Hansen, K. 1993: Dansk feltflora. – København (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AN. Eichwald, K. & al. 1978: Eesti NSV floora 6. – Tallinn (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    AO. Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Jankjavičene, R. 2003: Flora baltijskih republik. Svodka sosudistyh rastenij 3. – Tartu (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AP. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki
    AQ. Perring, F. H. & Walters, S. M. 1982: Atlas of the British flora, ed. 3. – Peterborough
    AR. Anonymous [Association Tela Botanica]: Tela Botanica. Flore électronique. Flores en ligne, France métropolitaine – http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AS. Bolòs, O. de & Vigo Bonada, J. 1995: Flora dels països catalans 3. – Barcelona (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AT. Coste, H. 1902–1903: Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France 2. – Paris
    AU. Fournier, P. 1934–1940: Les quatre flores de la France, Corse comprise. – Paris (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AV. Guinochet, M. & Vilmorin, R. de 1982: Flore de France 4. – Paris (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AW. Kerguélen, M. 1993: Index synonymique de la flore de France. – Paris (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    AX. Tison, J.-M. & de Foucault, B. 2014: Flora Gallica. – Mèze: Biotope
    AY. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany
    AZ. Gagnidze, R. 2005: Vascular plants of Georgia. A nomenclatural checklist. – Tbilisi
    BA. Kec'xoveli, N. 1952: Flora Gruzii 8. – Tbilisi
    BB. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 8. – Jena, Stuttgart
    BC. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 3. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband, ed. 10. – Heidelberg, Berlin
    BD. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart
    BE. Sell, P. & Murrell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BF. Boissier, P. E. 1888: Flora orientalis. Suppl. – Genève, Basel & Lyon
    BG. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BH. Strid, A. 1991: Mountain flora of Greece 2 [Strid, A. & Tan, K.]. – Edinburgh
    BI. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BJ. Simon, T. 1992: A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Harasztok - virágos növények. – Budapest (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BK. Scannell, M. J. P. & Synnott, D. M. 1987: Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland, ed. 2. – Dublin
    BL. Sell, P. & Murrell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge
    BM. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BN. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 3. – Bologna
    BO. Wilhalm, T., Niklfeld, H. & Gutermann, W. 2006: Katalog der Gefäßpflanzen Südtirols. – Veröffentlichungen Naturmuseum Südtirol 3 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BP. Zangheri, P. 1976: Flora italica 1 (Testo). – Padova (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BQ. Tabaka, L., Gabrilova, G. & Fatare, I. 1988: Flora sosudistyh rastenij Latvijskoj SSR. – Riga
    BR. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza
    BS. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus florae montenegrinae. – Preslia. Věstník (Časopis) československé botanické společnosti 20-21: 1-506 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    BT. Duistermaat, H., Sparrius, L. B. & Denters, T. 2021: Standaardlijst van de Nederlandse flora 2020. – Gorteria; mededelingenblad ten dienste van de floristiek en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland 43: 109-156
    BU. Meijden, R. van der 1990: Heukels' Flora van Nederland, ed. 21. – Groningen
    BV. Meijden, R. van der 2005: Heukels' flora van Nederland, ed. 23. – Groningen
    BW. Bornmüller, J. 1926: Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens. Sammlungen in den Kriegsjahren 1916-1918. II. – Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. Beiblätter 136
    BX. Drenkovski, R. 1969: Ein Überblick über die Flora des Vodnogebirges. – Godišen zbornik, prirodno-matematički fakultet na univerzitetot- Skopje. Biologija 21: 163-182
    BY. Grupče, L. 1958: Vrz rastitelnosta na Skopska Crna Gora. – Posebni izdanija Filozofski Fakultet na Univerzitetot Skopje, Prirodno-matematicki Oddel 9: 1-80
    BZ. Košanin, N. 1911: Vegetacija planine Jakupice u Makedonij. – Glas srpske kraljevske akademije 85: 184-242
    CA. Vandas, K. 1909: Reliquiae Formánekianae. – Brno
    CB. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CC. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15
    CD. Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkova, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M. 2002: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist. – Biodiversity Poland 1
    CE. Ciocârlan, V. 1990: Flora ilustrata a României 2. – Bucureşti: Editura Ceres (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CF. Popescu, A. & Sanda, V. 1998: Conspectul florei cormofitelor spontane din România. – Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest., Suppl. (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CG. Dedkov, V. P. (ed.) 1999: Konspekt sosudistyh rastenij Kaliningradskoj Oblasti. – Kaliningrad
    CH. Galuško, A. I. 1980: Flora severnogo Kavkaza 3. – Rostov-na-Donu
    CI. Hayek, A. von 1928–1931: Prodromus florae peninsulae balcanicae, 2. – Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte 30(2)
    CJ. Josifović, M. 1975: Flora SR Srbije 7. – Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosni (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    CK. Josifović, M. 1986: Flora SR Srbije 10 (Dodatak 2) [Sarić, M. R. & Diklić, N.]. – Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosni (as Carlina vulgaris var. vulgaris)
    CL. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CM. Martinčič, A. & Sušnik, F. 1969: Mala flora Slovenije. – Ljubljana
    CN. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CO. Trpin, D. & Vreš, B. 1995: Register flore Slovenije. Praprotnice in cvetnice. – Ljubljana
    CP. Bouchard, J. 1981: Primer herbari de la flora d’Andorra. – Perpignan
    CQ. Carrillo, E., Mercadé, A., Ninot, J. M., Carreras, J., Ferré, A. & Font, X. 2008: Check-list i Llista vermella de la flora d’Andorra (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CR. Montserrat, P. 1951: Aportación al conocimiento de la flora de Andorra. – Zaragoza
    CS. Aizpuru, I., Aseginolaza, C., Uribe-Echebarría, P. M., Urrutia, P. & Zorrakin, I. 1999: Clave ilustrada de la flora del País Vasco y territorios limitrofes. – Vitoria-Gasteiz (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CT. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CU. Cadevall i Diars, J. & Sallent, A. 1923: Flora de Catalunya 3(3-6). – Barcelona (as Carlina stricta)
    CV. Smythies, B. E. 1984: Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands. Checklist of vascular plants, 1. – Englera; Veröffentlichungen aus dem botanischen Garten und botanischen Museum, Berlin-Dahlem 3: 1-212 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CW. Villar, L., Sesé, J. A. & Ferrández, J. V. 2001: Atlas de la flora del Pirineo Aragonés 2. – Huesca (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    CX. Willkomm, M. & Lange, J. 1865–1870: Prodromus florae hispanicae 2. – Stuttgart
    CY. Willkomm, M. 1893: Supplementum prodromi florae hispanicae 2. – Stuttgart
    CZ. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    DA. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm
    DB. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    DC. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin
    DD. Davis, P. H. 1975: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5. – Edinburgh
    DE. Güner, A. 2012: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. – Istanbul
    DF. Webb, D. A. 1966: The flora of European Turkey. – Proceedings of the royal irish academy. Section B, biological, geological and chemical sciences 65/B/1: 1-100 (as Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris)
    DG. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka
    DH. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (as Carlina taurica Klokov)
    DI. Vangjeli, J. (ed.) 2000: Flore de l'Albanie 4
    DJ. Takhtajan, A. L. 1995: Flora of Armenia 9
    DK. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
    DL. Domac, R. 1994: Flora Hrvatske, prirucnik za odredivanje bilja. – Zagreb: Školska knjiga
    DM. Schlosser, J. C. K. & Vukotinovic, Lj. 1876: Bilinar. Flora excursoria. Uputa u sabiranju i oznacivanju bilinah u Hrvatskoj, Slavoniji i Dalmaciji, Knjiga, L. Hartman i družba. – Zagreb
    DN. Jindřich Chrtek: Seznam vyšších rostlin květeny České republiky – http://www.ibot.cas.cz/nastenka/index.php
    DO. Den virtuella floran – http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html
    DP. Dony, J. G., Jury, S. L. & Perring, F. H. 1986: English Names of Wild Flowers, a list recommended by the Botanical Society of the British Isles, ed. 2
    DQ. Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Jankjavičene, R. 2003: Flora baltijskich respublik. Flora of the Baltic countries. 3. – Tartu
    DR. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS
    DS. Mauhin, F. 2007: Les noms français des plantes vasculaires de Belgique et des Régions voisines – http://www.lessources-cnb.be
    DT. 2006: Tela Botanica, Le réseau de la botanique francophone – http://www.tela-botanica.org/
    DU. Aeschimann, D. & Heitz, C. 1996: Index synonymique de la flore de Suisse et territoires limitrophes (ISFS). – Genève
    DV. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2005: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4: Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 10. – München
    DW. Aeschimann, D. & Heitz, C. 1996: Synonymie-Index der Schweizer Flora und der angenzenden Gebiete
    DX. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava
    DY. Karlsson, T. & Thomas: Checklista över Nordens kärlväxter – http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/chk/chk3.htm
    DZ. Prokudin, J. N. 1999: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy
    EA. Prokudin, J. N. 1999: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy (as Carlina taurica Klokov)