Picea abies

Picea abies

Synonymy

Source: Raab-Straube, E. von (2014+): Gymnospermae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Deut. Fl.: 324. 1881
  • ≡Pinus abies L., Sp. Pl.: 1002. 1753
  • ≡Pinus excelsa Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 202. 1779, nom. illeg. [is earlier homonym of Pinus excelsa D. Don]
  • ≡Abies excelsa Poir. in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 518. 1805, nom. illeg.
  • ≡Picea vulgaris Link in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 180. 1830, nom. illeg.
  • ≡Picea excelsa Link in Linnaea 15: 517. 1841, nom. illeg.
  • ≡Abies picea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: Abies no. 2. 1768
  • =Picea excelsa var. integrisquamis Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 246. 1855
  • ≡Picea integrisquamis (Carrière) Chiov., Fl. Alpi Lepont. 3: 16. 1935
  • =Abies excelsa var. alpestris Brügger in Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 17: 154. 1874
  • =Abies alpestris Brügger in Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 29: 167. 1886
  • ≡Picea abies subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Domin in Lesn. Práce 11: 186. 1932

Content

Distribution

● Al Au(A L) BH Bu By Cg Cs Ct Es Fe Ga(F) Ge Gr He Hu It Ko La Lt Mk No Po Rf(K N NW) Rm Se Sk Sl Su Uk [cBe(nB nL) nBr Co nDa cFa cHb(nE) cHo nHs(S) aIs cMo cSa] 

Euro+Med endemic: Albania nativeA,B,C,D,E,F,G,H; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeE,F,I (Austria nativeJ,K, Liechtenstein nativeL,M); Baltic states, with Kaliningrad region nativeN; Belarus nativeN; Belgium, with Luxembourg cultivatedE,F (Belgium naturalisedO, Luxembourg naturalisedP); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativeC; Bulgaria nativeB,C,E,F,Q; Corsica introducedR; Croatia nativeC,S,T; Czech Republic nativeU; Denmark naturalisedF,V,W; Estonia nativeX,Y,Z; Faroe islands cultivatedAA; Finland nativeAA,AB,E,F,W; Former Yugoslavia nativeAC,B,E,F,I; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (France nativeB,E,F,I); Germany nativeAD,AE,AF,AG,AH,E,F,I; Great Britain naturalisedAI,F; Greece nativeAJ,AK,B,E,F; Hungary nativeAL,E,F; Iceland casualAM; Ireland, with N Ireland cultivatedE,F (Ireland naturalisedAN); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeAC,AO,B,E,F,I; Kosovo nativeAP; Latvia nativeY,Z; Lithuania nativeAQ,Y,Z; Moldova cultivatedAR; Montenegro nativeAS,C; Netherlands cultivatedAT,E,F; North Macedonia nativeAU,C; Norway nativeAA,AV,AW,AX,E,F,W; Poland nativeAY,E,F; Romania nativeAZ,BA,BB,E,F; Russia (Kaliningrad region nativeBC, N European Russia nativeBD, NW European Russia nativeN); Sardinia cultivatedBE; Serbia nativeAP; Serbia, with Kosovo nativeAP,BF,BG,BH,BI,C; Slovakia nativeBJ; Slovenia nativeBK; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra naturalisedB,F (Spain introducedBL,BM); Sweden nativeAA,BN,BO,BP,E,F,W; Switzerland nativeBQ,BR,E,F,I; Ukraine nativeN; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeBS,BT

Common Names

Aragonese (Spain): abetoBU; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): abetoBU, abetuBU; Basque (Spain): izeiBU, izei gorriBU, izei gorriaBV; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): abetBU, avetBU, avet roigBU, pi-abetBU, pibetBU, pivetBU, píceaBU, vetBU; English (Turkey): SpruceBW; Finnish (Finland): metsäkuusiBX; German (Turkey): FichteBW; Greek, Modern (1453-) (Greece): ΕρυθρελάτηBY; Majorcan (Mallorca): sapíBU; Portuguese (Portugal): abeteBU, abetoBU, espruce-europeuBV, sapinaBU, sapinoBU; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): abetoBU, abeto de NavidadBU, abeto falsoBU, abeto rojoBU, piceaBU, picea de NoruegaBU, pinabeteBV, pinabetoBU, pino-abetoBU, píceaBU, sapinoBU, árbol de NavidadBV; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): granBX; Turkish (Turkey): Avrupa ladaniBW

Bibliography

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D. Paparisto, K. 1988: Flora e Shqiperise 1. – Tiranë
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F. Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1993: Flora Europaea, ed. 2, 1. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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AA. Jonsell, B. 2000: Flora Nordica 1. – Stockholm (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AB. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AC. Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1984: Med-Checklist 1. – Genève & Berlin (as Picea abies subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Domin)
AD. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 4: Kritischer Band 8, ed. 8
AE. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 4: Kritischer Band 8, ed. 8 (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AF. Mitarbeiter 2013: Florenliste von Deutschland - Gefäßpflanzen, Version 5 (July 2013) – http://www.kp-buttler.de
AG. Rothmaler, W. (ed. Jäger, E. J.) 2011: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Grundband, ed. 20. – Heidelberg: Spektrum
AH. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart
AI. Stace, C. 2010: New Flora of the British Isles, ed. 3
AJ. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013: Vascular Plants of Greece. An annotated checklist. – Englera 31 (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AK. Strid, A. & Tan, K. 1997: Flora Hellenica 1. – Königstein
AL. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót
AM. Wasowicz, P., Przedpelska-Wasowicz, E. M. & Kristinsson, H. 2013: Alien vascular plants in Iceland: Diversity, spatial patterns, temporal trends, and the impact of climate change. – Flora 208: 648-673
AN. Reynolds, S. C. P. 2002: A catalogue of alien plants in Ireland. – Glasnevin
AO. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi
AP. Niketić, M. & Tomović, G. 2018: Kritichka lista vrsta vaskularie flore srbije. An annotated checklist of vascular flora of Serbia 1. – Beograd
AQ. Gudžinskas, Z. 1999: Vascular Plants of Lithuania. – Vilnius: Botanikos instituto leidykla
AR. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza
AS. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus florae montenegrinae. – Preslia. Věstník (Časopis) československé botanické společnosti 20-21: 1-506 (as Picea vulgaris Link)
AT. Meijden, R. van der 1990: Heukels' Flora van Nederland, ed. 21. – Groningen
AU. Micevski, K. 1985: Flora na SR Makedonija 1(1). – Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
AV. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AW. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo
AX. Lid, J. & Lid, D. T. 2005: Norsk Flora, ed. 7 (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
AY. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15
AZ. Ciocârlan, V. 2009: Flora Ilustrată a României: Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. – Bucureşti
BA. Ciocîrlan, V. 1988: Flora Ilustrata a României 1. – Bucureşti: Editura Ceres
BB. Oprea, A. 2005: Lista critică a plantelor vasculare din România. – Iaşi
BC. Gubareva, I. J., Dedkov, V. P., Napreenko, M. G., Petrova, N. G., Sokolov, A. A. & al. 1999: Konspekt sosudistych rastenij Kaliningradskoj oblasti. – Kaliningrad
BD. Tolmatchew, A. I. 1960: Flora arctica URSS 1. – Moskva & Leningrad (as Picea excelsa Link)
BE. Arrigoni, P. V. 2006: Flora dell'Isola di Sardegna 1. – Sassari
BF. Sarić, M. R. 1992: Flora Srbije. The flora of Serbia, ed. 2, 1. – Belgrade: Serbian Academy of the Sciences and the Arts (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BG. Sarić, M. R. 1992: Flora Srbije. The flora of Serbia, ed. 2, 1. – Belgrade: Serbian Academy of the Sciences and the Arts (as Picea abies subsp. alpestris (Brügger) Domin)
BH. Sarić, M. R. 1992: Flora Srbije. The flora of Serbia, ed. 2, 1. – Belgrade: Serbian Academy of the Sciences and the Arts
BI. Sarić, M. R. 1992: Flora Srbije. The flora of Serbia, ed. 2, 1. – Belgrade: Serbian Academy of the Sciences and the Arts (as Picea abies subsp. subalpinum)
BJ. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava
BK. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana
BL. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BM. Castroviejo, S. 1986: Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. 1. – Madrid (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BN. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560 (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BO. Karlsson, T. 1998: Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. – Svensk botanisk tidskrift utgifven af svenska botaniska föreningen 91(5): 241-560
BP. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm
BQ. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel
BR. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BS. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
BT. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka
BU. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
BV. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. subsp. abies)
BW. Akaydın, G. 2009: Beytepe bitkileri
BX. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS
BY. Voliotis, D. & Athanasiadis, N. 1971: Dendra ke thamni [Trees and shrubs; in Greek]. – Thessaloniki